ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Daniel ILIE, Constantin MOLDOVEANU, Octavian Laurentiu BALOTA

The preservation of heritage buildings is essential in a modern society that understands the importance of architecture, culture, and history. The lack of reconstruction funds or the vision of the decision-makers can delay the realization of the works to protect these buildings. The digital conservation of these buildings can be a solution for a later reconstruction or for the creation of a realistic virtual museum. The article presents the rigorous setup and calibration of an airborne side scanner mounted on a UAV platform. Acquiring fine architectural details involves the use of more precise scanning sensors, with substantially higher costs, leading to delays. The present study shows that medium precision scanning sensors can also be used for digitizing architectural details. The side scan solution can be applied successfully in the digital preservation of buildings with a medium degree of detail, but it can also be useful in complex cases. Using optimal processing methods greatly improves the internal accuracy of the modelling with little loss in accuracy. The proposed methodology can be applied even when using superior sensors, leading to exceptional results.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Florin DUŢU, Laura TIRON DUŢU, Irina CATIANIS

The pressure control of the anthropogenic factors has consequences on the fluvial systems, generating structural changes. The hydrology, hydraulics and sediment load of the rectified meandering systems depend on the hydrologic connectivity with the main stem of the river. The former meanders can be permanently, temporarily disconnected with the main channel producing interruptions in the transfer of fresh water and thus affecting the morpho-sedimentological processes and the biodiversity. This paper aims to investigate the distribution of the water and suspended sediment fluxes between the former meanders and the artificial man-made canals along the St. George distributary and thus, the hydrological connectivity. Understanding these complex human pressures are of high importance for reaching/ maintaining the ecological status of the Danube. Herein, we made investigations along the St. George branch on many sub-systems river-channel-lake site type, formed by cutoff meanders, connective channels and lakes to observe how much the water and sediment inputs to the delta depressions is affected by the structural changes of the meander’s physiography.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by George BOLDEANU, Mihaela GHEORGHE, Cristian MOISE, Iulia DANA NEGULA, Georgeta TUDOR

The dramatic increase in the amount of waste produced globally has an undeniable negative effect on the environment. The accelerated pace of urban development, the increase in consumption and the large scale of industrial activities have led to a rapid accumulation of waste in more or less proper waste dumps. All member states of the European Union are required to comply with waste management regulations, which primarily provide for the prevention of illegal dumping of any type of waste, its disposal in compliant landfills and their regular monitoring. In our ongoing project we aim to support waste management activities by proposing practical ways for Earth observation data to be used in off-site waste detection and monitoring of known landfills. Our research focuses on assessing the state of the art in earth applications techniques such as artificial intelligence/ machine learning that are currently being used for waste management and proposing approaches for building up a portfolio of scalable solutions that will support waste management not only in Romania but also at a regional, European, or global level. "This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CCCDI - UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P2-2.1-PTE-2021-0432, within PNCDI III".

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Bianca-Ștefania ZĂBAVĂ, Gheorghe VOICU, Gabriel-Alexandru CONSTANTIN, Paula TUDOR, Sorin CĂNĂNĂU

The prime method to combat water pollution, and a means to improve the quality of wastewater, is the wastewater treatment process, which is now widely used. The common method of mechanical (primary) treatment is (conventional) sedimentation at rest. Decanters (also called sedimentation tanks or clarifiers) are an integral part of every wastewater treatment plant. The present work aims to determine the performance of a radial primary clarifier in an urban wastewater treatment plant in Romania for the year 2020. The determinations were carried out for one winter month (January) and one summer month (July), and for the other calendar months the average inlet and outlet concentrations of the clarifier were determined. For each day of January and July, the concentrations of impurities (mg/L) in the wastewater at the inlet of the decanter (ci) and in the clarified water at the outlet of the decanter were recorded, based on which the separation efficiency of decanter could be determined. To improve the primary settling efficiency, the use of coagulating agents (iron and aluminium solutions) is recommended.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Mirela-Alina SANDU, Adela-Constanta VLADASEL (PASARESCU), Adriana-Magdalena PIENARU

Climate change is the biggest global challenge of our times. If, at all levels of society and organisation, we can work together to reduce carbon emissions while also planning how to adapt to change, we can prevent climate change from making our planet uninhabitable. Romania is committed to fighting climate change and pursuing low carbon development. Therefore, the Government of Romania, through the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MECC), has requested the World Bank to provide advisory services to help meet this commitment. To reduce the carbon footprint of the infrastructure is essential to assess the carbon embodied in the materials and construction methods, plus the operational carbon emissions of the resulting asset. Carbon Management in Infrastructure provides a national framework for these assessments and can be directly applied to the water industry as it needs to engage the whole value chain to achieve the net zero commitments.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Valentina CALMUC, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Alina ANTACHE, Aurelia NICA, Catalina ITICESCU, Puiu-Lucian GEORGESCU, Victor CRISTEA

The Black Sea Turbot (BST) is one of the most valuable fish species exploited within the fisheries activities conducted in the Black Sea, due to market demand and high selling prices. However, due to the anthropogenic pressure exercised on the Black Sea, BST is prone to accumulate different contaminants such as heavy metals. The risk of heavy metals transfer to the human consumer, through fish consumption, is possible. Thus, constant evaluation of the biomass is needed in order to avoid consumer intoxication. It is well known that different metals manifest competing behaviour for binding spots when accumulating in biota. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the concentration of macro- (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and micro-elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Pb) in BST muscle tissue collected from the Romanian Black Sea sector and to determine the correlation relationship between them (Pearson coefficient). The following accumulation trend in BST muscle was identified: Na>K>Ca>Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mn>Ni>Cd>Pb>Cr>Co.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Marta Cristina ZAHARIA, Gabriela VOLOACA

A special importance in designing the urban assemblies in cities, especially the configuration of the transversal profiles of the traffic roads, from the point of view of the acoustic and vibration protection for people, has the judicious design of the green spaces that are placed between the traffic roads and building front facades construction elements. Green spaces bring with a good contribution in the process of reducing urban noise, because of acoustic absorption characteristics they have. The relationship between the profile / size of urban road arteries in correlation with the size of adjacent green spaces and/or the distance from the running area to buildings can be evaluated from several points of view, including the effect of an earthquake. There were made research, in projects PN 23 35 01 01 and PN 23 35 06 01, by calculation studies regarding the values of the equivalent noise level, Lext (f), from traffic, - which were performed for a street-study profile, considered as a standard, then for other cases of study-road profiles. It was shown that for a traffic street of technical class 1 (with 8 lanes of traffic), bordered by two fronts of buildings of at least 8 floors high, having a complex composition of traffic, the two cases: without and with green area made by trees, shrubs and grass, indicates that values of transmission noise may decrease between 1 to 5 dB, depending on the winter and summer seasons.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Denis MIHAILESCU, Mihaela CAIAN, Sorin Mihai CIMPEANU

The warming of the climate system is a reality, with observations indicating increases in global average water and ocean temperatures, extensive melting of snow and ice, and global average sea level rise. It is highly likely that much of the warming can be attributed to human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Over the past 150 years, the average global surface temperature has risen by almost 0.8oC overall and by 1oC in Europe. The average global temperature in 2020 was almost identical with 2016, considered the warmest year on record. Continuing the planet's long-term warming trend, the 2020 annual average temperature was 1.02oC higher than 1951-1980 reference average, according to NASA. 2020 slightly exceeded 2016 values, which were within the error boundaries of the analysis, making the two years the warmest on record in modern history. Here we analyse projected changes over one of the most important agricultural areas for Romania with focus on extreme agroclimatic indicators analysis.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Cornel Cristian TEREŞNEU, Cristian Samuel TEREŞNEU

This paper highlights a few ideas which lead to a significantly higher efficiency with regards to cadastral documentations. Each legislation change in the field of cadaster brings new challenges for a geodetic engineer. Although many software packages are available which partially automate the generation of various appendices of cadastral documentations, never was there an attempt to fully automate the generation of a documentation. Taking into consideration the facilities offered by GIS tools especially, an attempt was made to make a major reduction of the time necessary to create a documentation. For the appendices which involve both numerical and alpha-numerical inputs, a very cheap and simple solution was proposed - Microsoft Excel; meanwhile, for the graphical parts of the documentation, which are the most important, an alternative which uses AutoCAD Civil 3D and ArcGIS was proposed. The method was tested on a sample of 47 cadastral documentations, which highlighted that the time involved in the completion of a cadastral documentation was reduced by a factor of 8.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Maria IHTYAROVA, Violina ANGELOVA

Comparative research has been conducted to determine the content of heavy metals and chemical composition of costmary oils, as well as to identify the possibility of costmary (Tanacetum Balsamita L.)| growth on soils contaminated by heavy metals. Costmary is a plant tolerant of heavy metals and can be grown on contaminated soils. Heavy metals do not affect the development of costmary and the quality of oil obtained from it. Twenty-three components were identified, accounting for 98.26-98.99% of the total oil components. The major components (> 1.0%) contained in costmary oil are carvone (42.66-44.12%), alpha-thujone (29.81-30.07%), beta-bisabolene (5.51-6.24%), 1,8-cineole (2.71-3.58%), beta-thujone (2.47-2.60%), cis-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (1,63-1,72%), trans-para-mentha-2,8-dienol (1.34-1.41%), cis-carveol (1.20-1.74%), and gamma-muurolene (1.69-1.78%). The content of oxygen-containing monoterpenes (88.75-89.41%) is the highest in costmary oil, followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (7.74-8.35%), oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes (1.0-1.06%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (0.58-0.61%). The analysed costmary oils belong to the carvone - α-thujone chemotype.

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