ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Burak SALTUK, Ozan ARTUN, Atilgan ATILGAN

One of the agricultural activities in our country is animal breeding. The animal manure from cattle breeding enterprises can be used as an organic material in producing biogas. The energy needs of agricultural enterprises can be met by establishing biogas production facilities. At the same time, environmental pollution can also be prevented. With today`s information and technology, it is possible to investigate the areas suitable for biogas energy stations. The aim of this study is to determine the potential areas in the Euphrates Basin which are suitable for biogas plants. The Euphrates Basin covers Adiyaman, Sanliurfa, Gaziantep and Kilis provinces. In this context, the borders of the provinces subjected to the study and the topographic properties of the region were drawn using ARCMAP 10.0 software. Furthermore, cattle numbers were entered into the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database. The potential biogas areas in each province were determined and these areas were tried to be interpreted in different colours. In the study area, it was determined that the potential biogas energy of 862863.7 MJ or electricity energy of 239684.4 kWh would be obtained from approximately 2061883.4 tonnes of animal waste per year. It was determined that these values were equal to an amount of the annual energy capacity needs of 103 houses. Biogas energy production facilities can be established in the places which have an intensive agricultural activity and this can eliminate environmental pollution problems.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Dimitar KEHAYOV, Georgi KOMITOV

The heating of residential and industrial buildings is necessary for their normal function in the winter period of the year (these are the months from October to April). To meet its energy needs in many countries are planning a more rational use of energy and the development of renewed energy sources (RES) to replace part of the fossil fuels. The biomass is organic matter of biological origin, which can be used as an energy source. Tobacco is grown in weak soils (mountain and semi-mountain areas) and in non-irrigated conditions. Statistically is not specified the mass of tobacco stems, as well as its energy potential. After retraction of the foliage, the stems remain on the field until next year. The stems of the tobacco plantations are proving to be a serious energy source, because the calorific value and the quantities and qualities of this biomass remain unexplored. The article presents the possibilities of using the residue from tobacco production as an energy source for heating.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Patricia MOCANU, Laurentiu MOCANU

This paper focuses on the application of the usual approach for the environmental assessment of former industrial sites which were disaffected and now are the subject of a real estate transaction or which are brownfields. The existing Romanian legislation in this field lacks content and must to be completed with other available regulations, even the Romanian GD 1408/2007 on the methods of investigation and assessment of pollution of soil and subsoil was approved but the implementation rules not yet been published. This happens in a context where there is no EU legislation in this matter. To achieve the necessary investigations in order to identify and quantify the pollution of the geological media, most environmental consultants resort to ASTM standards. Besides, the success of the approach is provided by a rich professional experience of the environmental assessors involved. The case study presented in this paper refers to the approach taken to investigate and to quantify the potential historical pollution for a former industrial land, after the end of activities.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Recep KULCU, Cihannur CIHANALP

Today, with population increasing, industry growing up, technology advancing and getting involved with our lives ever so largely, the need for energy naturally increases. As current resources are failing to meet the requirements, search for alternative sources begins. Studies are rapidly increasing on a search for energy resources that are renewable, environment friendly, harmless to living beings and are not reliant on outside sources. Renewable energy resources are sustainable as they exist in the nature and do not have limited reserves. They also have strategic importance on the principle of sustainability as they do not produce greenhouse gas emissions upon usage. Today, renewable energy resources like the sun, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydraulics, hydrogen and wave energies are used in various ways, mainly for electricity. One of the renewable resources, biogas is a gas mixture emerging during oxygen-free fermentation of organic waste, and it is classified among biomass resources. In this study, we have determined the current animal quantity in Burdur city and calculated the amount of fertilizers obtained annually from these animals. Then the amounts of biogas, methane, electricity and thermal energy that can be produced out of these fertilizers is discovered should they be processed in biogas facilities. Figures show that based on 2015 statistics, 3.1mil tons of fertilizers is acquired annually from the animals in Burdur. Processing these fertilizers in biogas facilities can produce 79 million m3 of methane in a year. Burning this amount of methane in cogeneration systems can produce 275,740,415.72 kWh electricity and 315,131,903.68 kWh thermal energy annually.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Mihai Teopent CORCHES, Alina LATO, Maria POPA, Isidora RADULOV, Adina BERBECEA, Florin CRISTA, Lucian NITA, Karel Iaroslav LATO

The paper aimed to present the micronutrients content of some soils from the West Region of Romania, in the north part of Semlac Plain. Micronutrients soil content is not usually analysed, sometimes being excluded by farmers in fertilisation process, by financial reasons. The soil types who were studied included in Luvisols class. Luvic phaeozems and Vertic luvisols are formed on clays and Stagnic luvisols is formed on loams. Soil was sampled up to 20 cm depth, on ploughed soil layer. It was analysed soil pH which is directly related to micronutrients (Cu, Mn, and Zn) availability for crops. Defining to this soil class is the acid reaction, fact identified after the analyses that we made. Soil copper content is inferior to that which is specific for Luvisols class, fact due to soil native clay content. This fact may cause disorders in crop nutrition and copper deficiency. Manganese and zinc soil amount is sufficient for crops demands. For the local farmers in the research area is important to be informed regarding the soil status in micronutrients, which are important to obtain quality yields. The soil method analyses were made according to national and international standards. The obtained results were compared with the other researches on this domain.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Claudiu-Sorin DRAGOMIR, Daniela DOBRE, Iolanda-Gabriela CRAIFALEANU, Emil-Sever GEORGESCU

Dense seismic instrumentation and modern devices are a prerequisite to making accurate observations on seismicity and its effects on buildings. In-situ instrumental data contribute to a correct understanding of the importance and of the influence of various factors on the structural dynamic response, as well as their correlation with interest objectives for the building owners/beneficiary. Romanian experience in INCERC after 1977 has demonstrated that damage to buildings was correlated with some changes in the oscillation periods of buildings. This distinction serves to decouple the influences that these Vrancea seismic motions have exercised successively and/or cumulative on the damage state. The rigidity and the values of oscillation periods are influenced not only by visible degradation, but also by a series of deformations and invisible cracks, accumulated in the building structure, which may be significant. In this regard, the determination of the dynamic characteristics of building structures is one of the most important aspects of structural health monitoring.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Ozan ARTUN, Hakan KAVUR

In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are responsible for the insecticide spraying activities in all districts of the cities. Therefore, insecticide spraying is applied in the center of Adana, in the control of vector arthropods and other pests, especially against the sand flies and mosquitoes. In this study, we generated cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) prediction risk maps based on MODIS and NON-MODIS dataset. Firstly, we determined relationship, between the presence of CL patients, human population, insecticide spraying density and several environmental variables [Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Day Time Mean LST and Night Time Mean LST] obtained from satellite images of randomly selected 103 points were located in the central districts of Adana province, by univariate and binary logistic regression in PASW. (MoH 2016). ARCMAP 10.2. Software was used for geographical adjustments, creating a database and estimating risk models by using several geographical data. The results emphasize that distribution and the presence of the CL cases were found correlated with human population, insecticide, NDVI (LANDSAT), Day time Mean LST and Night Time Mean LST (MODIS). By using Geographic Information System (GIS) Technologies, the predictions that based on univariate and bivariate binary regression analysis of variables as human population density and insecticide spraying density related to the distribution of CL cases was made. The results were used to produce the prediction maps and the potential distribution areas of the incriminated CL cases with the use of GIS technologies which allowed the identification of the CL risk levels that may provide useful information to guide the control program interventions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Zoltán FERENCZ, Aurelian Stelian HILA, Sorin Mihai CIMPEANU

The objective of the study is to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS) model which integrates a lot of information and various types of data required for hydrographic and geomorphologic analyses, applicable in the sphere of hydrology and geomorphology. The case study will show how to use a GIS tool, create a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), using terrain information, contours line with height information attached and rivers, and at the end to obtain watershed boundaries and determine which basins have higher possibility of flooding by analysis of its shape. The raw data (primary database) will be obtained through vectorization from different maps used for analysing the geographic characteristics of the studied area. The paper focuses on prevention of potential disasters (floods), providing support in data collection and processing by transposing the real geographical problems in a computerassisted modelling.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Gabriela BIALI, Paula COJOCARU

This paper presents the advantages of using the topology in a GIS project. The study was conducted on two watershed with mainly agricultural uses. We presented a model for creating the topology designed to monitoring the soils in the basins studied. In the present application, we qualify the graphical objects as soil units on the map. After the topology there was possible the grouping in thematic layers depending on their type and on many other information from the attribute-type database (erodability, humus content, texture, structure, pH etc.). Topological relations were created through an own program in Fortran language under Windows). The topological structure of spatial database in this GIS project is under Geo-Graph software. The existence of topology also brings another major advantage of the project: facilitates the creation of key links between databases, the important step towards the query.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Gabriel POPESCU, Octavian Laurentiu BALOTA, Daniela IORDAN

The paper presents how the use of multispectral LiDAR intensity data for classification has high potentials to increase land classification accuracy. Traditionally, classification of LiDAR data refers to the separation of terrain from other objects based on elevations (range data). Up to about 70% of overall accuracy can be achieved using intensity data only. Land classification accuracy, of about 80%, can be achieved by incorporating both the geometric and radiometric record of LiDAR data. Range and scan/incidence angle have prominent effect on the radiometric correction of intensity data. Radiometric correction of LiDAR intensity data is required for potential use of the LiDAR intensity in land cover classification and radiometric correction can be achieved day or night with similar good results. Current research involves the use of image segmentation and object oriented classification techniques to improve the classification results. The increased number of wavelengths in a sensor has the effect of increasing the information content that can be derived from the target surface and allowing surveying professionals to address many more applications using a single-sensor solution. The complementary information of multispectral LiDAR data may greatly improve the classification performance, especially in the complex urban areas. Use of a minimum of three intensity images from a multi-wavelength laser scanner and 3D information included in the digital surface model (DSM) has the potential for land cover and land use classification. Over 90% of overall accuracy is achieved via using multispectral LiDAR point clouds for 3D land cover classification.

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