ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Georgi KOMITOV, Violeta RASHEVA, Georgi VALTCHEV

Increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gases is a central issue in the European energy strategy. The challenge of significantly reducing in primary energy consumption is great. It can only be achieved if we all work together and share good experiences and practices. Vegetables are undoubtedly one of the healthiest foods with high energy content. They are rich in amino acids, easily digestible sugars, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, chlorophyll, organic water and other nutrients. Therefore, the production of fresh vegetables is a vital necessity, even in winter. Naturally, winter production of vegetables requires that they be grown in heated greenhouses. Energy costs for greenhouse heating and ventilation form a significant share of their total production costs. The purpose of this paper is to identify the incoming and outgoing energy flows from a glass greenhouse for vegetables production and to propose a methodology for defining the energy for the greenhouse heating while providing the necessary parameters of the environment for fresh vegetables growing.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Claudiu-Sorin DRAGOMIR, Daniela DOBRE, Iolanda-Gabriela CRAIFALEANU, Emil-Sever GEORGESCU

Within the National Network for Seismic Monitoring and Protection of Constructed Heritage from INCD URBANINCERC, studies are being conducted in the field of structural health monitoring having as object real buildings, seismically instrumented with modern equipment. The identification of equipment and connection types existing within the Network for Seismic Monitoring and Protection of Constructed Heritage, as well as the implementation of solution for seismic data transfer to the Data Centre, these aspects are followed. A multi-criteria selection is applied, which takes into account also the compatibility with equipment existing within the National Seismic Network for Constructions at URBAN-INCERC, to ensure their efficient use. Some case studies are presented in the general way, focused on achieving the connections in distinct locations, by applying the own solutions for data communication (INCD URBAN-INCERC local system; The Cathedral of Saint Alexandru and Saint Nicholas of SULINA local system; The Arnota Monastery local system; Balta Alba Block of flats etc.)

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Vasile CIOCAN, Matei MOLDOVEANU, Ioan BICA

The erosion generated by water, called synthetically water erosion, especially caused by the stream of water induces, the continuous change of the watercourse with significant imbalances of form and path, but also if it is the aquatic ecosystem, or a series of many others negative changes in the riparian areas of the minor riverbed, with material damage and sometimes clear loss of human lives. In time, constructive measures have been developed and applied, located in the riverbeds, to manage and minimize the impact of this phenomenon. The monitoring of the behavior of these works shows the beneficial effect on the limitation of erosion, but it also reveals the negative effects of the hydrodynamic action of the water on their structure and stability, eventually on their durability. The present paper proposes a synthetic analysis of the causes and ways of degradation of the main types of works used in engineering practice to limit the erosion of the watercourses. The analysis is based on an extensive documentary and field study carried out on concrete cases, on a series of rivers in the river basins of Moldova. The causes that led to the observed degradation are highlighted, respectively the solutions by which these shortcomings could be avoided in the future. It highlights the increased efficiency and the longer life of the new types of works used for this purpose, respectively the works based on the use of geocontainers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Dimitar KEHAYOV, Ivan ZAHARIEV

Pepper, as a vegetable crop grown primarily for nutritional purposes, is valued for its taste and content of vitamins and minerals. It is consumed both raw and processed. Weeding of vegetable crops leads to a decrease in yields, a deterioration in the nutritional quality of production, a decrease in the efficiency of operation of agricultural machinery and to financial losses of the farmer. There is currently no suitable herbicide that is effective against weeds from secondary weeding and is selective for the crop. There is also no data on the implementation of Dropleg pepper technology. This article addresses issues related to the biometrics of the piper plant and the application of Dropleg herbicide application technology with two types of TeeJet 15003 and TeeJet 11003 nozzles located 0.15 m, 0.20 m and 0.25 m from the soil surface. The optimum height at which there is no risk of treating the pepper leaf mass of the TeeJet 15003 is proven to be 0.20 m and for the TeeJet 11003 it is 0.25 m with a transverse irregularity of less than 5%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Vera STEFANOVA, Zhulieta ARNAUDOVA, Boyan STALEV

Nowadays making decisions quickly and selecting the best alternative are very important for location of agricultural crops to gain competitive advantage in a complex environment. In this research, multi-criteria decision analysis with pair wise comparison weighting method was utilized to determine the suitable locations for vineyard plantation in Karlovo region, Bulgaria. Soil maps, meteorological measurements, slope, aspect, elevation maps were used as input to conduct spatial analysis. AHP method is compared with previous investigation and the pair wise comparison research is identified as a better one for the spatial analysis by GIS. In this study GIS multi-criteria evaluation for zoning and exploration sites presents the potential vineyard location in the research area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Ratu SAFITRI, Mia MIRANTI, Sri Rejeki RAHAYUNINGSIH, Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Roostita BALIA, Jetty NURHAYATI

Research on biodegradation of black and red Remazol dyes in textile wastewater containing black and red Remazol dyes in concentrations of 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm was carried out for 14 days in singly and consortium. Strains isolated from effluent containing Remazol black and red dyes. Selected isolates were identified using the API test and known as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, and Bacillus cereus. Biodegradation in a consortium can reduce respectively; decolorization reached were 64.18%, 60.11% and 54.27% in Remazol black, and reached 65.46%, 62.92% and 55.90% in Remazol red. COD 77.63-72.92%, BOD 77.31-75.46%, TSS 67,68-52.72%, ammonia 62.85-53.69%. Biodegradation of textile wastewater containing red Remazol decreased respectively, COD 78.6-72.8%, BOD of 78.07-76.33%, TSS 70.14-58.72%, and ammonia 68.51-55.47%. Biodegradation of red Remazol textile dyes results in a greater reduction in concentration than in black Remazol. Also, biodegradation in a consortium results in a greater decrease in dye concentration than singly.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Gabriela BIALI, Paula COJOCARU

This paper presents the outcomes of a research on water erosion quantification by GIS-based mathematical stimulation and modelling, carried out in a water catchment area from Romania. This paper presents the outcomes of a research carried out in a water catchment area with high slopes, where intense processes of water erosion emerge. The researchers in this field successfully use two models. The first one is USLE, within GIS Geo-Graph software and the second one is WEEP; the simulation was done in a GIS ArcView environment. The simulation and application of simulation models take place in the same water catchment area (perimeter), under the same conditions and within the same range imposed by each model. This paper contains an analysis of the outcomes and concludes on the visible differences. The USLE model stalling was done by direct measurements in the bordering area of a reservoir, where the silt depositions were measured. As a follow-up to this project, the WEEP model will also be stalled in the water catchment area subjected to study, by using aerophotograms and field data.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Milena MOTEVA

Land consolidation allows rational organization of farm works, proper use of agricultural machinery, land reclamation, soil conservation, and environmental protection. There are texts in Bulgarian normative framework that regulate land consolidation concerning land-use. An out-of-leases redistribution of the rights on land use into large massifs is legalized by an Agreement for Use of Land Massifs. Since the number of Participants in the Agreement can be quite large, further consolidation of the massifs is possible. The objective of the paper is to present an approach to consolidation of massifs that are under the Agreement. It is suitable for the Participants who suffer from economic and geographical compelling circumstances for cultivating their land, to manage it efficiently by cooperating with neighbour participants. The idea emerged from a sociological study through a questionnaire survey on the available machinery park and possibilities of land cultivation. This facilitates the structural design of the agricultural area under cooperation. The Law permits the participant to cooperate for joint land processing. The legal rights for establishing this cooperation are revealed. The idea is illustrated by maps of a draft land consolidation project.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Dimitar KEHAYOV, Nedyalka PALAGACHEVA, Ivan ZAHARIEV

A variety of technical means are used to combat pest control. In this study, the operation of slit and diffuser sprays was observed in the coating of the lower and upper pepper leaves. When working with the slot spreader, the coverage of the entire leaf mass is significantly less. The sprayed working fluid does not have sufficient puncture force to penetrate the entire height of the plants. Leaf coverage averages 29% of the underside and 35% of the top. When using a diffuser sprayer, the air generated by the fan intensively stirs the leaf and forces the sprayed liquid with great force. This is a prerequisite for very good coverage of both the top of the leaves and the bottom. The coverage varies from 52 to 63% for the lower and upper leaves, respectively.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. IX
Written by Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Alina MOGODAN, Aurelia NICA, Dragos CRISTEA, Mihaela NECULITA

Climate variability and change has negative impact on fisheries ecosystems. Climate change can manifest a pervasive effect on freshwater ecosystems, by altering biodiversity patterns, abundance and distribution of species, biological interactions, phenology and organisms’ physiology, performance and fitness. Central and Southern Europe, including Romania, is considered to be one of the most vulnerable regions affected by changes in the climate system. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of Danube River water level and temperature regime, atmospheric thermic regime, from the last 3 years (2017-2019), on ichthyofauna diversity and abundance in the Lower Sector of the River. The year 2018 registered the highest values for water levels and the year 2019 recorded the maximum values for air temperatures, in all hydrometric stations. A general conclusion of this research is that the capture level of peaceful (non-ichthyophagous) fish species are higher compared to raptor (ichthyophagous) fish species. Based on these results, there is strong recommendation to incorporate climate variability and change in the modelling of fisheries management approaches to reduce the impacts of climate variability and change on fisheries-based livelihoods.

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