ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Sergey TIMOHIN, Andrey MORUNKOV, Alexander INSHAKOV, Ivan KURBAKOV

The article is devoted to the problem energy and resource-saving, labor and environmental protection during running-in automotive-tractor diesel engines. To solve this problem, new testing technologies have been developed and implemented: separate running-in, additional running-in, hot running-in diesel engines by dynamic loading in and cold running-in by static-dynamic loading. The essence of the proposed technologies is disclosed, methods for calculating fuel consumption and the number of harmful substances in exhaust gases are presented. Technical means for the implementation of the proposed technologies are presented: automated control systems for running-in diesel engines with dynamic loading, systems for increasing gas loads and air recirculation when implementing the technology of separate running-in and device for cold running-in diesel engines by static-dynamic loading. As a result of comparative experimental studies of the proposed running-in technologies, a high quality of running-in diesel was established with a significant reduction in capital and operating costs, reduce the total energy consumption by 4 ... 5 times and reduce diesel fuel consumption by 2…3 times and emissions of harmful components in exhaust gases compared with standard running-in technologies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Maryna ZAKHAROVA, Sviatoslav BALIUK, Lyudmila VOROTYNTSEVA

The influence of heavy metals content in irrigation waters and irrigated soils on the quality of plant products was studied. In samples of irrigation water, irrigated soil and vegetables (tomato), the content of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn was determined. The studies were carried out in regions with different levels of technogenic loading. At a minimum technogenic loading, the heavy metals content in water and soil was estimated as background. The heavy metal contamination wasn't found in the water-soil-plant system. With local pollution, the Pb content in water and soil exceeds the background by 3-5 times, in vegetables it exceeds the Maximum allowable concentrations (MAC). With regional pollution (industrial zone, Donbas), the content of Cd, Co, Pb in water and soil exceeds the background by 3- 12 times, the content of Cd, Pb exceeds the MAC in vegetables. At significant technogenic loading irrigation intensifies the hazard of pollutants to accumulate in vegetables and poses serious risks to public health and the environment. The control of heavy metals content in the water-soil-plant system is necessary for ecologically safe agriculture.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Andrii KOVALENKO, Oksana SAKAL, Nataliia TRETIAK, Ihor SKOLSKYI, Halyna SHTOHRYN, Roman TRETIAK

The paper aimed to present the evolution of policy on the maintenance and preservation of field shelterbelts in Ukraine. Analysis of the current state and dynamics of areas of field shelterbelts indicates an unsatisfactory trend of this type of land use in terms of their ecological and economic suitability and socio-economic needs, and funding for measures to create protective forests and forest shelterbelts is insufficient. It is based on statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre, the Accounting Chamber, etc. It is proposed to take into account not only the field shelterbelts on non-agricultural territories of agricultural lands, but also the field protection role of forests in the strategic planning decisions on land use. This approach determines the reflection in the land policy of measures for the maintenance and preservation of field shelterbelts located on agricultural lands, as well as measures to promote protective afforestation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Oleg KUKHAREV, Elena FUDINA

A sustainable development strategy is a compromise between multidirectional targets: social, economic and environmental. It is formed at the state level and is reflected not only in agricultural and regional policy, but also in other areas of the country's socio-economic development. Moreover, sustainability is becoming a guiding principle for development at all levels of management and planning. The main trend in the sustainable development strategy of the Russian Federation is digitalization. This direction is aimed at introducing and improving the use of new technologies in all spheres of the state's life. Agriculture in the Russian Federation has always been one of the most important areas in the economy, so technological development is very important. The main directions of digitalization of agriculture should be: the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, smart tractors and combines, GIS technologies, rural e-commerce, distance learning in education and professional retraining of agricultural specialists in the agricultural business, the development of all kinds of IT services in social life.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Dan VASILIU, Laura TIRON DUŢU, Andra BUCŞE, Naliana LUPAŞCU, Florin DUŢU

Major (CaCO3, TOC, and Fe2O3), minor (MnO and TiO2) and trace (Zr, Cr, V, Zn, Cu, Ni, As, Pb, and Hg) elements from surface riverbed sediments were determined at 66 locations in deltaic environment, along St. George distributary and in the interdistributary depressions of the Danube Delta. The studied area is characterized by terrigeneous, either non-carbonated or low calcareous sediments, quite poor in organic matter. Most of the studied heavy metals showed high spatial variability, generally with higher concentrations in interdistributary depressions and adjacent canals, as well as on the meander Mahmudia (M1). Ni, Cu, and Cr showed concentrations frequently exceeding the quality criteria set in the Romanian legislation. Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used to assess the level of heavy metal pollution in the studied area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Mihai Valentin HERBEI, Radu BERTICI, Florin SALA

maging analysis based on satellite images, RapidEye imagery was used to analyse and characterize Paniova Forest, a Natura 2000 Site. The studied perimeter is located in the Lugoj Plain, Timis County, Romania. A RapidEye satellite scene with 5 - multispectral bands was used. From a morphological point of view, the study area was analysed based on the parameters: Altitude, Slope (degree) and Slope exposure. In relation to DEM, 10 classes of the protected area were obtained (14.76 ha and 368.64 ha), in relation to Slope, 10 classes (0.75 ha and 469.29 ha), and in relation to the Slope exposure 11 classes (4.53 ha and 339.9 ha). The relationship between NDVI and MSAVI was described by a linear equation in relation to Altitude derived from SRTM mission, and by polynomial equations of 2nd degree in relations to Slope and Slope exposure. According to PCA, PC1 explained 67.91% of the variance, and PC2 explained 32.033% variance with reference to DEM classes; PC1 explained 80,927% variance, and PC2 explained 18.576% variance with reference to Slope; PC1 explained 66.592% variance, and PC2 explained 33.235% variance with reference to Slope exposure.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Cornel Cristian TERESNEU

This paper presents a GIS analysis meant to highlight problems regarding area differences in the forest sector, when different determination methods are used. The study’s focus is on forest surfaces in the Bran-Moeciu area of Brasov county. These were identified on cadastral plans of forest boundaries and vectorised. These boundaries were then determined using the “Stop & Go” method with Trimble Pro XT and Trimble Pro XH GPS receivers. The analysis was centred on two issues: estimating the boundary differences between the two methods and their implication on area determinations. A simple method of determining boundary differences through their measurement in the AutoCAD software was used, of course taking into account their sign. In addition, a GIS method was developed which, with the aid of VBA code sequences, provides a rapid determination of these differences. The final conclusion was that, based on the analysed data, even if the differences are somewhat significant (sometimes over 75 metres) between the two methods, the implications on area determination is much lower (max. 2-3%), due to their somewhat uniform distribution of positive and negative values.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Gabriela BUEMA, Nicoleta LUPU, Horia CHIRIAC, Maria HARJA

The adsorption study of copper ions from aqueous solution using fly ash as a feed material was investigated. The proposed adsorbent was synthesized through the treatment of fly ash with NaOH at 1500C, 72 hrs. The different parameters, such as: pH, dose of adsorbent, initial copper concentration, and contact time were examined. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and thermal analysis. The copper adsorption process is very fast, a removal efficiency of 99% being reached in approx. 25 min. Three adsorption kinetic models presented in this paper: Pseudo first order, Pseudo second order, and Intraparticle diffusion model for describing the data were compared. The best model that described the kinetic data was the Pseudo second order kinetic model, Type 1. This research confirmed that the adsorbent prepared from fly ash, can be used successfully to remove copper ions from aqueous solution. The material prepared presents a high adsorption capacity for copper ions: 28.16 mg/g, 43.91 mg/g, and 65.15 mg/g for an initial copper concentration of 300 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 700 mg/L.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Nataliya TIURINA, Evgeniy ZAVOROTIN, Alla GORDOPOLOVA

The purpose of the study is to form a mechanism for developing the framework of land relations in agricultural sector based on the designing an institution of land relations management. The theoretical concepts of institutionalism, management, communication as well as situational approach, general scientific and specific scientific methods were used within the study. Mechanism of transformation of land relations in the agricultural sector of Russia is functioning on the basis of the principles of optimality, limited rationality, quality, stability of norms and rules. Integration of the new institution with the existing institutions of legislative authority, federal property management, regulation of real property title, monitoring and supervision, agricultural sector development, land ownership within the framework of the norms are its specific features. The developed mechanism assumes inclusion and application of the mechanism of transformation of the land relations environment as well as the mechanism of supervision over the observance of norms and rules which action is performed with the use of monitoring of agricultural land turnover. The support of management by the functioning and development of institutions and coordination of actors’ interaction assume high-quality institutional management. Assessment of efficiency of land relations transformation should be carried out on the basis of the introduced integrated index which includes the coefficients of implementation of managerial decisions, use of authority, compliance of results with the expectations, information collection. The practical relevance of the development lies in the possibility of using the mechanism elaborated by the authors in the areas of targeted measures.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Alina AGAFIṬEI, Vasile Lucian PAVEL, Daniel TOMA, Valentin BOBOC

The paper treats the problem of eutrophication process for some important hilly lakes from Moldavia, Romania. Eutrophycation represents a normal process as time as its evolution is natural, and one of first six major environmental problems from the world lakes and reservoirs. This phenomenon is caused by the over limits increasing of nutrients concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus) from lake’s waters, substances involved through agricultural fields watering, fields on which were applied fertilizers. The paper contains a review of the main methods and techniques for modelling the processes regarding the evolution of lakes water quality. The research took place in the period 2016-2020 and regards main hilly lakes from Moldavia area, Romania.

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