ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Gabriela DAMIAN (DORIN), Florian STATESCU, Nicoleta Adriana UNGURASU (STAN), Vasile Lucian PAVEL, Nicolae MARCOIE

The paper presents the results of a pedological study conducted on the soils of Baltati commune, Iasi County. 25 profiles were executed from which soil samples were taken, both in a natural and modified settlement, on horizons, for the following physical and chemical analyses: granulometric composition, bulk density, current acidity (pH), alkaline earth carbonates, hummus, total azote, mobile phosphorus, mobile potassium, soluble salts, anions CO-2,HCO-, anion Cl--2+2+++

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Ivanka MITOVA, Galina PATAMANSKA, Antoaneta GIGOVA

An experiment was conducted in the experimental field in Chelopechene, Sofia, Bulgaria in 2019-2020 with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum variety "Big Beef" F1) cultivated under drip irrigation and fertigation. Two levels of irrigation (100% ETc and 60% ETc) with four fertilization levels (0, 80 %, 100 %, and 120 % of the fertilizer rate) have been served as treatment. In the phase 4-6th inflorescence, main growth parameters like plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of inflorescences and number of fruits of tomato plants were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyze the effect of irrigation and fertilization on vegetative and reproductive growth of plants. Under full irrigation, the plants have the thickest stems; they are leafier, with more inflorescences and formed more fruits than average. Of all the studied growth parameters, only for the number of inflorescences for both experimental years 2019 and 2020, a statistically proven difference was found for the influence of irrigation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Oleksandr SHEVCHENKO, Ivan OPENKO, Ruslan TYKHENKO, Oleg TSVYAKH, Oleksiy ZHUK, Euvghenia KRYVOVIAZ, Olga TYKHENKO, Nataliia BAVROVSKA, Yanina STEPCHUK, Anatoliy ROKOCHINSKIY, Pavlo VOLK

The instability and excessive intensity of modern agriculture's systems are the result of a number of unresolved environmental and economic problems. The main purpose of our study is to assess the economic losses caused by degradation processes within the research facility. Comparing the current cost of future losses from unreceived agricultural products by years while maintaining the existing rate of land degradation, which is 1070.45 thousand UAH, with the total cost of CAOT on erosion-hazardous areas within Kamyanobrid village council Lysyansky district of Cherkasy region - 798.85 thousand UAH, it is possible to determine the economic efficiency of land protection measures in the long run, which is equal to 271.60 thousand UAH, because the arrangement of CAOT elements allows to preserve the existing state of land resources, stop degradation processes and prevent reduction of agricultural production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Ștefan-Mihai PETREA, Alina MOGODAN, Dragoş CRISTEA, Aurelia NICA, Mihaela NECULITA

The negative effects of global warming are well recognized globally by scientific communities and governments. Aquatic environments absorb approximately 93% of the excess heat generated by global warming. Aquatic ecosystems sustain fisheries and aquaculture, sectors which provide approximately 17% of animal protein for the global human population. It is imperative to identify the main challenges that will occur within these systems due to global warming, to mitigate the consequences. The aim of the present review is to describe the impact of global warming factors on aquatic ecosystems. The research articles revised within this paper are published in web of science core collection, with high impact factors. The main factors of global warming were identified as: increased water temperature, sea level rise and altered precipitation regime. Each factor was analysed and the influence on aquatic environments was described. The main conclusion of this paper is that global warming will disrupt fisheries and aquaculture activities, through degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Small-scale fishers and aquaculture earthen ponds will be most impacted, due to their geographical location and economic vulnerability.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Violina ANGELOVA, Vanya ZAPRYANOVA

There has been carried out comparative research, which allows determining the quantities and the depots of accumulation of heavy metals, macro, and micro elements in the vegetative organs of Cynara cardunculus L., efficacy for phytoremediation and quality of biomass as renewable energy sources for the combustion process. The field experiment was performed on an agricultural field contaminated by the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The experimental plots were situated at different distances (0.5, and 8 km) from the source of pollution. Macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca), micro elements (Fe, Mn, Cu) and heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn) concentrations in plant materials (roots, and leaves) were determined. Heating value, ultimate and proximate analyses were evaluated at the end of the second growing season. Cardoon is tolerant towards the heavy metals and can be grown on highly contaminated soils (2544.8 mg/kg of Zn, 2429.3 mg/kg of Pb and 51.5 mg/kg of Cd). The depot for accumulation follows the order: roots>leaves. The high concentration of heavy metals in the roots and the low translocation factor indicate the possibility of cardoon to be used in phytostabilization. The obtained results have shown that cardoon has potential to be a significant source of good quality raw material in the production of solids bio-fuels. The biomass is of good quality (carbon (39.3-43.0%), hydrogen (3.8-4.52%), nitrogen (0.72-0.877%), chlorine (4.7-6.8%), and sulphur (0.266- 1.12%) content) and high energy potential (14.54-16.09 MJ/kg LHV). The degree of soil contamination did not have a significant influence on heating values, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur contents but did influence on biomass heavy metal contents. The content of heavy metals in the biomass of cardoon grown on heavily contaminated soils is significantly higher and exceeds the limit values according to the standard ISO 17225-6:2014. Biomass of cardoon from highly contaminated soils could be used as a source of energy if the burning of biomass occurs in power plants equipped with purification systems to control dust emissions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Liliana VELEA, Roxana BOJARIU, Cristina BURADA, Mihaela Tinca UDRISTIOIU, Mirela PARASCHIVU, Roxana Diana BURCE

Extreme temperature episodes may have a significant impact on agriculture, as temperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development. In Romania, agriculture is an important contributor to PIB and up to 19% of active population is employed in this sector. Therefore, assessing the changes in the thermal regime and its extremes in the near future may contribute to a sounder approach for developing and implementing adaptation measures in agriculture. In this view, we investigate the changes in the extreme temperature’s characteristics in Romania for the near future (2021-2040) by making use of climate projections of maximum and minimum temperature in the context of two climate change scenarios. We employ a series of climate indices focusing on high/low temperatures, selected from the INDECIS project indices database (www.indecis.eu), which are used to highlight the change in extreme temperatures occurrence compared to the base (reference) period 1991-2010. The results are presented for the entire territory, also discussing the uncertainties associated with the methodological aspects.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Isabelle METAXA, Alina MOGODAN, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Aurelia NICA, Victor CRISTEA

The aquaculture sector registers the fastest growth compared to other food production systems. Most of the Romanian aquaculture production is based on cyprinid species reared in ponds. This technology raises certain concerns related to environment sustainability, because aquaculture effluent contains high concentration of nitrogen, which can cause water pollution and eutrophication. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine if technologies based on integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) design can optimize the sustainability of cyprinids pond-based production systems. A number of 4 fish species (common carp - CC; grass carp - GC; bighead carp - BC and silver carp - SC) were used in two rearing technologies (polyculturevs. IMTA). The experimental design includes 2 variants: PCP - polyculture pond (CC + GC + BC + SC) and CP-PP - IMTA partitioned pond (CC monoculture in CP part and CC + GC + BC + SC polyculture in PP part, where no feed was administrated). Total nitrogen (TN) was determined from water, sediments, reed and fish. A main conclusion of this study is that CP-PP variant registered a better TN utilization, fact leads to a reduced environmental impact of cyprinids pond aquaculture.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Voichița TIMIȘ-GÂNSAC, Lucian DINCĂ

The study has identified 844 Douglas fir stand elements in the 12 Forest Districts that cover a total surface of 2544.50 ha. The largest percentages were registered in the following forest districts: Băile Herculane (318.5 ha), Mehadia (266.9 ha), Berseasca (262.5 ha) and Oțelul Roșu (191.4 ha). As such, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the main stand and environment characteristics of areas where Douglas fir species are present. These are followed by the specie’s distribution, altitude, relief forms, soils, forest types, mixture, stand structure and productive class. The age of these stands ranges between 1 to 100 years, with approximately 46.6% of stands having ages between 21 to 30 years. The Douglas fir stands show an even-aged stand structure (71%). The majority of Douglas fir stands are situated at altitudes between 601 to 800 m (31%). The slope is the main field configuration, covering a surface of 1987.9 ha. The soils on which this species vegetates are: common eutric cambisol (1546.2 ha), luvisol (220.4 ha), and dystric cambisol (448.4 ha). The most representative forest types are: hill common beech on skeletal soils with mull flora (554.7 ha), mountain common beech on skeletal soils with mull flora (423.6 ha), and normal common beech with mull flora (468.2 ha). The identified Douglas fir stands have average and high productivity classes (1st class = 500.8 ha; 2nd class = 986.5 ha). Green Douglas fir is a forest species that has a special interest for both the European silviculture as well as for the Romanian one.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Gilbert TARO, Mirela COMAN

The paper aimed to present a possible solution for ecological restoration of the soils polluted with heavy metals from the premise of Cuprom SA Bucharest, Baia Mare branch. This premise is famous for a prolonged industrial activity in smelting and refining metallic ores, especially copper, lead and precious metals as gold and silver. The impact over the environment during the production phase was well documented, but after the plant ceased the activity in 2009, the land remained as heavily polluted industrial area in the way of the urban development. The paper presents a possible solution to restore these soils polluted with heavy metals from the premise using an innovative method of soil washing under specific conditions to remove the mobile fraction of the pollutants from the matrices of the soil. The solution presented is minimum invasive, with promising results in the laboratory phase, applicable on site and cost effective.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. X
Written by Alla GORDOPOLOVA, Evgeniy ZAVOROTIN, Nataliya TIURINA

The current state of Russian land use is characterized by heterogeneity, instability and uncertainty of further development. Its efficiency is affected by the processes of cover destruction, waterlogging, salinization, and desertification. Fertility especially intensely decreases on old-arable lands and under monoculture cultivation. Effective agricultural land management is required and that involves the use of effective administrative and economic tools. The methods of cost optimization described by the process model are recommended, including the classification of costs, identification of ways to reduce them, introduction of a correction factor for determining the amounts of land payments, differentiation of responsibility for the implementation of mandatory measures, and differentiation of the amount of monetary penalties in accordance with the behavior of subjects in land relations. The practical value of the work is that its results contribute to improving the efficiency of agricultural land use in terms of its economic justification, environmental and social adaptation.

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