ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Ionut PRAVAT, Gheorghe CAMPEANU

Creating a population survey in the city of Urziceni, Ialomita County, to determine the problems facing the locality, the perspective of sustainable development was seen as a tool for testing the perception of people towards the development of the city of Urziceni and future orientation its development. The main objectives of the survey were: measuring people's satisfaction regarding public services,measuring level of living standard, optimism for the future and identifying the most important problems of the studied area in the opinion of its citizens. Finally, it was established the development needsaccording to the citizen’s needs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Cristiana SIRBU

This paper shows how the adoption of the EU strategy for the Danube will affect agriculture in areas along the river and the main objectives of the strategy for agriculture. Among the Danube’s states, Romania has the largest area in the Danube basin, Danube strategy aims a macro-regional development and is also an action plan for the river areas and neighbouring countries. The people from the Danube delta have a way of life unchanged for centuries and agriculture remains a vital sector for the Danube region. Farmers will need support for adopting and maintaining systems and agricultural practices that will contribute to achieving the strategy’s objectives for the environment and climate changes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Öner ÇETİN, Nese ÜZEN, Murat KARAER

Advances in micro-irrigation techniques have facilitated greater adoption of the application of fertilizers to crops through irrigation water; the technique is termed as fertigation. Fertigation is used extensively in commercial agriculture and horticulture and is starting to be used in general landscape applications as dispenser units become more reliable and easy to use. Some irrigation systems offer the ability to use high-frequency fertigation likes drip irrigation systems. Irrigation and fertigation system design, soil type, crop stage, chemical type, fertigation time and irrigation water quality are important parameters for an appropriate fertigation. Fertilizer application techniques are also an important factor in achieving success. All techniques for incorporating a chemical with the irrigation water create a specific level of chemical concentration during irrigation. The various techniques may be classified into three main groups. These are; (i) gradual decrease of chemical concentration, (ii) constant level of chemical concentration,(iii) intermittent chemical concentration. In this article, the methods and equipments of fertigation and some research results of the fertigation frequencies on crops are presented.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Adela MIHAI, Andreea OLTEANU

Recently, B.Y. Chen (Chen, 2011, 2012 (1)) studied some geometric properties of h-homogeneous production functions with applications in microeconomics. The class of production functions includes many important production functions in microeconomics; in particular, the well-known generalized Cobb-Douglas production function, widely used in economics to represent the relationship of an output to inputs, and the ACMS production function, also known as the Armington aggregator are production functions. In (Mihai and Sandu, 2012), the authors continued the study of geometry of h-homogeneous production functions by considering the minimality property of the production hypersurface and also the minimality of a production surface corresponding to a quasi-sum production function of 2-variables. In (Chen, 2012 (2)), B. Y. Chen classified h-homogeneous production functions with constant elasticity of substitution. In this paper we make a survey of recent results on production functions obtained by B.Y. Chen, especially from (Chen, 2011), and also recall the results obtained by the first author in (Mihai and Sandu, 2012). In this note, we consider examples of known production functions and verify by concrete calculations some of the previous results. We study production surfaces by considering their constant Gauss curvature. Also, we calculate the mean curvature for some particular production function of two-factors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Claudiu-Sorin DRAGOMIR, Serban PURDOIU, Augustina-Sandina TRONAC, Sorin-Mihai CIMPEANU1 Roxana-Dana BUCUR

All European countries are rich of pre-code buildings and there is also a considerable number of residential masonry buildings in the rural areas. In Romania, where over 60% of the territory and population are exposed to the Vrancea earthquakes, there are many pre-code reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. This type of buildings should be strengthened in accordance with the European and National Codes in force (EC8-Part 3 and P100- Part 3). According to paragraph 2.2.4., the ”additional measures” of the Code of Building Seismic Design, indicative P100-1:2006, it is recommended to investigate the buildings with recording equipment for the seismic action parameters. The objective of the paper is to present a series of non-destructive methods used to assess damages of an educational building in Bucharest. The non-destructive testing of the concrete structures yields valuable information for the engineers when investigating problems and can reveal unanticipated or hidden damages. The repair of the structure is guided by the results of the testing. The building presented in the paper was designed as masonry structure with reinforced concrete cores and erected during 1950s with BS+GF+3storey height regime. In accordance with the technical report, building damages were evaluated. For this purpose, non-destructive and seismic instrumentation methods were used. Nondestructive methods are based on auscultation, ultrasound and percussion with Schmidt hammer, and the seismic instrumentation methods are based on the GEODAS-12USB equipment with adequate software. Evaluations are useful for both the seismic risk analysis of the inspected building and the design of the strengthening interventions. The prevention or determination of the earthquake effects was done by practical measures. It was understood that the increase in mass and stiffness was not always beneficial. The role of geometry was equally important in earthquake engineering and there were cases when reshaping might prove advantageous, especially when using advanced technologies available on the European market.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Pietro GRIMALDI, Jorge Luis Nunes Silva BRITO, Isabella DI LIDDO, Alexandre CORREA

This paper reports the experiences of the second edition of an international, educational programme named “SummerSchool 2011”. The Summer School 2011 was held by the Comitato Italiano Fotogrammetria Architettonica, in Italy. The main goals of that educational programe were: (a) to develop the thinking about the importance of cultural heritage preservation, (b) to emphasize the potential of application of LASER scanning techniques to the surveying of cultural heritage sites. The Summer School involved five professors and seventeen professionals and students not only from Italy (8), but also from Brazil (7), Turquey (2), Venezuela (2), and Romania (3). The technical backgrounds of the participants were the areas of remote sensing, architecture, digital photogrammetry, civil engineering, and surveying. The Summer School had an itinerant programe, starting from the city of Noci, located in Puglia, Southern Italy, and going down into the Puglia province, by visiting the community of Laterza, and the cities of Lecce and Bríndisi. The methodology for developing the technical and cultural programe was divided into three main parts: (a) a theoretical part held by technical presentations; (b) the “on-site” presentations and descriptions of the cultural and historical highlights of the objects of interest; (c) the demonstrations and controlled practice of LASER scanning surveying work. This paper also reports the results of the surveying of the following historical sites: (a) The “ Cantina Spagnola” cavern; (b) The “Tempio di San Giovanni al Sepolcro” site, a catholic church located in Brindisi, Italy. The most relevant conclusion of this multicultural, international programe was to spreading the thinking about cultural heritage inventory techniques, sought to be fundamental for maintaining the historical records of a country. In this direction, the Laboratory of photogrammetry of The Rio de Janeiro State University, in Brazil, has started a joint technical project with the Laboratory of Comitato Italiano Fotogrammetria Architettonica toward the surveying of two historical sites located in the State of Rio de Janeiro: (a) the ruins of a city in the southern part of the State, named “São João Marcos”; (b) the headquarters of the Rio de Janeiro State government, named the “Palácio da Guanabara”. The results of that international technical cooperation are also included.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Marisanna SPERONI, Sara CARÉ

The paper presents a non-systematic review about the relationship between welfare of dairy cows and quality of milk that they produce; the best demonstrated links are the effects of mastitis and oxidative stress on composition, shelf life, sensory and technological characteristics of milk and milk products. These evidences explained how specific aspects of animal welfare affected specific aspects of milk quality. Further interdisciplinary efforts should be made, in the light of the new strategy of the European Commission on animal welfare, new knowledge and emerging disciplines; welfare of dairy cows should be evaluated at farm level by a widely agreed protocol using outcome-based animal indicators; how and how much the animal welfare, measured in such way, affects the quality of milk should be studied by very large surveys and carefully designed experiments.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Daniela DOBRE, Claudiu-Sorin DRAGOMIR, Emil-Sever GEORGESCU

The direct shaking effects as damage or collapse of buildings, bridges, elevated roads, railways, water towers, water treatment facilities, utility lines, pipelines, electrical generating facilities and transformer stations, are not the only hazard associated with earthquakes, other secondary effects, that are caused by earthquakes, most often a result of strong shaking, such as landslides, soil liquefaction, fires, floods etc. have also played an important role in destruction produced by earthquakes. These effects mean short-term (immediate) or long-term impacts. Depending on the vulnerability of the affected community, large numbers of people may be homeless in the aftermath of an earthquake. The estimating of all hazards is very important in order to get how are changed the life and the environment after an earthquake. The paper present some aspects related to this subject, what are some effects of earthquakes on the natural and built environments, why do buildings collapse in earthquakes, how we can make buildings more resistant to earthquakes etc.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Béla KOVÁCS, Éva BÓDI, Kinga NAGY, Brigitta TÓTH, István FEKETE, Dávid ANDRÁSI

Considering the characteristics of selenium and molybdenum, our research had the following purposes for both elements: Considering Se the uptake of selenium was investigatein maize and sunflower seedling, moreover the different effect of two selenium species (selenite and selenite) for the examined plants (a monocotyledon (maize, Zea mays L.) and a dicotyledon (sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.)). Considering Mo on the one sidedue to increasing level of molybdenum treatment, the concentrations of changes of Mo was investigated in maize and sunflower seedlings. On the other sidewe thought it is important to follow the concentration of this element because it plays prior role in nitrate reduction and operation of nitrate reductase. So we would have liked to prove in laboratory circumstances that there is a close relation between molybdenum supply and nitrate reduction: nitrate content of plants can be reduced by supporting their physiological molybdenum demand. In our experiments for selenite 0 (control), 1, 10 and 100 mg kg-1 selenium concentrations, forselenate0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg kg-1 selenium concentrations, while for molybdenum doses 0, 30, 90, 270 mg kg-1 were applied. According to our results it is obvious that concentration of selenium and molybdenum in seedlings significantly was increased due to selenium or molybdenum treatments. Examining roots and shoots of experimental plants separately we found higher selenium and molybdenum content in roots than in shoots. It indicates more intensive selenium and molybdenum uptake (selenium and molybdenum mobility) and high molybdenum content shows nitrate accumulation of shoots under the given experimental circumstances.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. II
Written by Raluca-Iustina HIRTAN, Daniela SARBU

The reservoirs are water management works that modify watercourses flow regime by retaining a part from their stock and sending it towards the downstream at lower flows. In this paper a front lake has been considered and its effect on the maximum flow in the riverbeds has been numerically simulated. Numerical simulation was performed using the NEPERM software. This software is based on the Saint-Venant equations, knowing that the water discharge from the reservoir is performed by a bottom discharge and a spillway. Boundary conditions of simulation were represented by tributary flood characteristics in the reservoir and wasteways operating characteristics. The results of the software are hydrographs of flows and levels in cross sections.

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