ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Zamfir PANTER, Mugur BOBE, Gabriela ROSU, Florentina MATEI

Leachate is a liquid waste product of the processes in solid waste landfills with meteoric waters seeping. A number of substances are dissolved by washing with meteoric water and other substances resulting from the processes of fermentation of organic waste components. Leachate treatment is essential to reduce mainly the organic and nitrogen content in the leachate. The initial solution applied to the purge unit-Glina was a biologic reverse osmosis in two steps (osmosis layout). An aeration lagoon has been designed and proposed to be installed as pilot in Glina. The leachate provides the food for the bacteria and the aeration system provides the oxygen. The results are suggesting that this lagoon technology can be economic to install and simple to run.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Murat YILDIRIM, Alper DARDENIZ, Seckin KAYA, Baboo ALI

In Turkey, the demand of table grapevine rootstocks is increasing day by day since the value of table grapevine rootstocks increase. On the other hand, production of table grapevine does not meet the demands of market since grapevine rootstock production efficiency is low. So, its production efficiency must be increased. Nowadays, hydroponics system is becoming a quite common and alternative method as compared to traditional farming systems of cultivation of soil, because hydroponics systems offer a wide range of advantages such as high capacity of production, high quality of products and also reduce the use of pesticides as compared to the traditional methods of cultivation. Grapevine variety namely, Yalova Cekirdeksizi has been taken in summer growing season and used its green cuttings as living material in this research work. The obtained cuttings were transplanted to different pots in three different time periods (15th of June, July and August in the year 2015). Grapevine rootstocks were placed to the pots having the dimension of 22 cm in width, 72 cm in length and 17 cm in depth. Each pot in the experiment possessed the same amount of fertilizer and the drip irrigation system has been applied. A microcontroller (PIC16F84) device has been used as an automated controller for supplying the water to the experimental trials. The irrigation system has been comprised with three main parts i.e., submersible pump, power suppliers (12 volt DC) and some other connected apparatus. In this experiment, a time based closed loop hydroponics system has been used aimed to test the performance of the automated hydroponics system for the growth of grapevine rootstocks. Consequently, the system took over the all irrigation procedures successfully throughout the entire growing season.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Paula COJOCARU, Gabriela BIALI

The paper consists of the calculation of drinking water demand for water supply of the villages from Barlad hydrographic basin. We took into account a total of 137 parishes in 6 counties (Vaslui, Bacau, Galati, Iasi, Neamt, Vrancea), 3 municipalities (Vaslui, Barlad and Tecuci) and two cities (Husi and Negresti). The total number was 647 735 inhabitants. The calculation of drinking water demand was done taking into account the distribution of the number of inhabitant for each parish, municipality and town according to the population census conducted in 2013 and also by respecting the Romanian standard STAS-SR 1343/1-2006 regarding to the calculation of drinking water demand for urban and rural areas. This yields to the following flow of drinking water demand for the resident inhabitants in the territory of Barlad catchment: Qzimed = 94575.57m3/day, Qzimax = 135178.03 m3/day, Qorarmax = 13963.91 m3/day. The annual volume of drinking water demand is 34525.024 thousand m3. During the calculus no account was taken of the water required for fire blow out.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Claudiu Sorin DRAGOMIR, , Daniela DOBRE,, Emil-Sever GEORGESCU

The paper presents the analysis of collapse and damage state to some special buildings during recent severe surface earthquakes, The presented irregular reinforced concrete buildings (with irregular distributions of mass, stiffness, strength, geometrical configurations), especially the setback structures and tall structures, have exhibited a poor seismic performance. Through graphical representations of response spectra obtained from records, it is revealed that most of the damage occurred to buildings due to exceeding the code requirements, the level of accelerations and to the spectral composition, unusual to the surface earthquakes, which justify the shown interest. Comparative analysis of numerical data is shown in order to put into evidence the effects of surface earthquakes on buildings. It must be accepted that an important role in the overall behaviour of the presented buildings had the higher modes of vibration and shaking time, beyond the technical aspects. What is noticeable, also, are the long periods of motions, although the earthquakes are of surface. The more accelerograms recorded are, we find that the possible values may be higher than those from design codes and sometimes the codes provisions are taken from other design rules (with other local features).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Ioan VOINA, Maricel PALAMARIU, Iohan NEUNER

The paper aims to present some theoretical and practical aspects related to the movement over time of the land surfaces affected by the groundwater exploitation of multi-layered deposits in the area. The methods and techniques described are intended to facilitate a rigorous observation of the evolution of risk and hazard phenomena, presenting a complex summary of the way of obtaining specialized information, as efficiently and precisely as required by the Romanian legislation regulations. Given that the phenomenon of subsidence keeps on being of a broad interest through its implications on urban planning, environmental protection and on the surface buildings, the issues described in this paper lead to short, medium and long-term forecasts regarding the subsidence due to the exploitation of multi-layered deposits. These forecasts are very important in the sustainable development of the areas affected by underground mining.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Gabriela BIALI, Paula COJOCARU

There is no news that the use of GIS technique in the engineering field takes place at high level, and has a very well defined place in environment engineering. This paper shows a sequence of a GIS application in the field of quantification of soil loss as a result of water erosion The GIS application is exemplified in a water catchment of approximately 4000 ha in Berheci Superior of Bacau County, with intensive water erosion processes, both at the surface and in gullies. After the development of databases (graphic and alphanumerical), the determination of connections (keys) between them is very important, in order to enable interrogation. Interrogation ensures the value of GIS application, and in this application we can notice 2 interrogation methods. The development method of the interrogations, as well as the response manner in the own designed concept, with a relational alphanumerical database are shown. This paper shows the importance of correlated databases in the context of statistical analyses for large areas. Following these analyses and by means of the GIS, the most intelligent ecologic and anti-erosional management solutions can be taken in torrential hydrographic water catchments.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Murat TEKİNER, Murat YILDIRIM, Cafer TÜRKMEN, Ayhan ORAL, Bahri İZCİ

The experiment was carried out at the research center of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University in Turkey in summer of 2010 and 2011 to determine the effects of hydrogel (organic polymer) on the grain yield and plant development parameters. Maize DKC 5783, a commonly used variety by farmers in Turkey, was used as an indicator plant and the seeds were sowed to different lysimeters having a volume of 1 m3. The chemical properties of hydrogel and its water holding capacity were determined under laboratory conditions. According to the treatments, certain amounts of hydrogel were mixed to the first 20 cm of the soil from the surface level. Irrigation water was applied in a controlled manner by a scaled container to the root area of maize. Plant development parameters were observed in each development stage. As a result of this study, it was seen that the amount of hydrogel mixed to the soil in different amounts had a significant effect on the plant development parameters, grain yield and also irrigation water use efficiency.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Alexandru Lucian LUCA, Olga-Adelina POP

This paper presents research carried out on the earth dam stability to the combined actions of the site. The earth dam is located in Iasi, Romania. Researches were performed for several earth dam operating scenarios. First stage research considered the phenomenon of filtration through dam by Darcy's Law. Second stage of the research considered the filtration phenomenon according to post-Darcy law. Scenarios for monitoring the dam stability considered the main operating situations. The filtration and embankment behavior simulation was analyzed using a specialized soft. The studies and research results shows the differentiated behavior of dam slopes. The research results are used to design of dam rehabilitation works. Monitoring plays an essential role in evaluating the structural safety condition of dams. Monitoring activities are also useful for the collection of valuable data to enhance the understanding of the behavior of these structures.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Recep ÇAKIR

Evaluations have been done on the basis of data the author obtained during his stage in Turkmenistan as an expert of Islamic Development Bank on Water Resources Development and Effective Water Use in the country. Drainage and tail water discharge data evaluated in the paper are collected from different drainage system structures constructed in different Willayets (Provinces) of Turkmenistan. As a result of the investigations the total volume of the drainage water was estimated as 5.6 – 6.0 km3 per year. About 1.2 km3 volume of the drainage water, as in the case of some collectors in Ahalskii and Dashoguzkii Region is with low salinity level and suitable for the purposes of irrigation. Relatively low salinity levels in the ranges of 2-2.6 g/l or 3.13- 4.06 dS/m were determined in waters of Gaurskii Main Collector, Ashgabatskii Collector, Geok-Tepinskii Drainage in Ahalskii Region of Turkmenistan. It was concluded that application of drainage waters with relatively law salinity level and ground waters for irrigation could increase the yearly irrigation water volume of the country from 26 km3 to approximately 30-32 km3. In addition, as a consequence these measures will promote enlargement of the irrigated lands in the country and will permit more agricultural food production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. V
Written by Gheorghe Mincu SANDULESCU, Mariana BISTRAN, Florian UDRESCU, Laurențiu Florian ION

The paper presents part of the results of the EU Commission, Leonardo da Vinci Project: LDV/ToI/2013/RO/030. The project achieved by entities from authors of the Handbook: Romania: IPA SA project proposer, writer and coordinator, Spain: University of Cordoba, Italy: 2 Partners, University of Naples and CREA/Council for Research in Agriculture and in the Agricultural Economy), USAMV Bucharest, and entities which have presented the lessons with the view of the lessons assessment: USAMV Bucharest, CCIAGR/Chamber of Industry, Agriculture and Commerce, Giurgiu), Agricultural Collegiums Sandu Aldea Calarasi, Agricultural Collegiums Viaceslav Harnaj, Bucharest, Faculty of Agronomy and Horticulture of University of Craiova, is destined for the training of farmers, technicians, people interested in the creation and development of the own irrigations. The project has generated: (a) the printed, (b) on DVD, (c) on special digital application on DVD (d) on WEB Handbook: Innovative irrigations for All, pdf. 2200 pages. The handbook, of 38 lessons, was converted, by IPA SA in the advanced eLearning format in HTML5. Also are elaborated 2 Occupational Standards (drafts) in irrigations. The project has developed advanced eLearning support for the quick and efficient knowledge and skills transfer, based on over 100 Virtual Reality, 3D, Dynamic Images. These Dynamic Images h create efficient animations, Augmented Reality products, developed by IPA SA, as SAReL system: Special Augmented Reality for eLearning and other AR tools. Special development, such as celebrities from dedicated novel (lampoons), contributes at the Edutainment support. The lessons have been successfully tested on the sample of over 500 interested people. The action and developed materials add contributions at the re-launching of irrigations in Romania.

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