ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Gabriel POPESCU, Daniela IORDAN

The paper presents an overall view of LiDAR and Sonar systems used in geomatics applications for hydrology, this branch of science concerning with the properties of the earth's water, and especially its movement in relation to land. LiDAR sensor provides an efficient, rapid, and low cost tool for hydrological application, especially for coastal and river water management. For example, in Romania the hydrographic organizations need accurate bathymetric maps for near coastline area of the Black Sea, for the Danube River and the inner riversides. Nowadays, airborne LiDAR bathymetry is an accurate, capable, and highly cost-effective alternative to traditional waterborne Sonar in areas with appropriate depth and water clarity Water hydrology modelling and watershed management is based on constant monitoring of the water volume over a long time for modelling water dynamic behavior. Flood prediction and flood extend modelling is one of the most important issues in the watershed management and usually the primary interest would be coastal area and rivers hydrodynamic modelling especially in the event of the flood. Using echo sounders would be dangerous, not accurate enough in shallow waters, time consuming, and do not give a continuous water depth. Alternatively, using bathymetric LiDAR system provide accurate, continuous, fast depth information from a large region, without a contact directly with the water body and this ability resolves many of the industrial and military needs for accurate and precise geospatial information from water body in shallow area in a very rapid manner.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Paul MACAROF, Georgiana C. BARTIC (LAZAR), Stefan GROZA, Florian STATESCU

Although we often take the trees and plants around us for granted, almost every aspect of our lives depends upon them. They clothe us, feed us, provide us with oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide and give us building materials and medications. Vegetation, in Iasi County - the study area in this paper, is predominantly of forest-steppe. In this study is investigating correlation LST - sparse/dense vegetation extraction from NDVI, in three different moments of 2017. Landsat 8 images, which have undergone pre-processing, were used as based date. A lot of papers showed that the surface temperature of the work was confirmed from Landsat 5/7/8. Many researches indicated that between LST and NDVI is a linear relationship. It is noticeable that correlation coefficient has closer values to 1 for relationship LST - NDVI dense; R2 is about 0.9, while R2 is about 0.7 for relationship LST - NDVI sparse. In conclusion, this correlation can be used to study vegetation health, drought damage, and areas where Urban Heat Island can occur.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Catalina NUTESCU DUDUMAN Consuelo GÓMEZ DE CASTRO, José María GÓMEZ DE SALAZAR Y CASO DE LOS COBOS, Gabriela CIOBANU, Carmen CIMPEANU, Maria HARJA

The sol-gel method was used for obtaining Ni(OH)2 and NiO. For structural characterization of the material we used XRay Diffraction (XRD). Morphological structures and chemical composition were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM.). The results obtained, it was found that the average particle size of the Ni(OH)2 is about 15.8 nm and the thermal treatment for calcination at 350° C obtain NiO particle size is 48.5 nm. The result of DSC analysis of the precursor product showed that the proper calcination temperature was 350°C.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Iustina LATES, Alexandru-Lucian LUCA, Stefania CHIRICA, Mihail LUCA

GIS models present a wide-ranging application of water supply and sewerage monitoring. In the last period, on national and international plans the administrations have expanded their applications. Thus, in Romania, most watersewer company are using GIS applications in different programs to analyse water supply systems. This paper presents a GIS model in Iasi County that presents the advantage of a complex detail of the water supply system components. The model also allows data to be obtained for redesigning complex pipelines and installations or for re-engineering some rehabilitation works. GIS models can provide themed maps, work reports, and mathematical models for design and exposition in a relatively short time.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Heinz BERNHARDT, Michael MEDERLE, Maximilian TREIBER, Sascha WÖRZ

Digitization is one way to fulfil the demands on agricultural logistics. The growth in farm size and new branches mean that logistics is becoming ever more complex. A simple takeover of systems from the general logistics is not possible because of the special conditions of agriculture. First offers for digital logistics in agriculture are on the market. These are usually only for small areas and not complete chains. Often there are still difficulties with data availability and interfaces. There are first solutions for digitization in logistics across several levels of trade. These work if the partners are well organized and agree. If this confidence does not exist, digital collaboration is also difficult. A big problem that still has to be solved is data ownership and privacy

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Valentin FEODOROV

Considering that, in the municipal waste composition, about 50% of the total is biodegradable waste and because there are also important quantities of other categories of organic waste such as: green waste, sludge from waste water treatment plants, animal waste, agricultural waste, etc., the problem of biodegradable waste in the current economic context of Romania is complex and vast. Agricultural land is continuously degrading, 95% of municipal waste goes directly to the landfill, a large number of existing composting facilities are not in use, lack of legislation (Romania is one of the only three countries in Europe that do not have composting legislation), and these are just a few examples of the challenges our country is facing today. To meet these challenges, our country needs to take urgent measures to address the issue of biodegradable waste. This article aims to highlight both the problems and the solutions that can solve these problems in correlation with the best available techniques as well as with the tendencies and the legislation at European level All these, adapted to the Romanian specifics.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Kamil EKİNCİ, Serdar ÜÇOK, Barbaros S. KUMBUL, Hamdi TUNCE, Hüseyin GÜZEL

Residues from agricultural production are sources of raw material for biomass energy. Biogas technology allows organic waste/residues to be recovered. Safflower harvest residues (SHR) are resulted from safflower production. The purpose of this study is the assessment of the methane volume obtainable from SHR with dairy manure (DM) in the anaerobic fermentation process. Five mixtures of SHR and DM were prepared considering the mixing ratio (miR= SHR/(SHR+DM), dry basis, as 0.06, 0.27, 0.49, 0.74, and 1.0. Batch fermentation test was carried out in bioreactors made of eighteen 2-L flasks located in a temperature controlled water bath with a dimension of 80 x 60 x 20 cm. The mixing of each bioreactor was done by mechanical rotating mixers driven by motor coupled with 10 rpm output gearbox. During the experiment, methane (CH4), carbon, nitrogen, pH, EC, dry matter, and organic matter were measured. The results were presented in the study.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Cahit GUNGOR, Gursel KUSEK, H. Kaan KUCUKERDEM, H. Huseyin OZTURK, Sinasi AKDEMİR

The main objective of this study is to quantify and evaluate CO2 emissions related to fuel consumption for groundnut cultivation in Turkey between 2011 and 2016. The methods were used for calculating CO2 emissions are recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Between 2011 and 2016, in Turkey, peanut was produced on an area of 35325.45 ha. The average groundnut production and the average yield were 129464 ton and 3655 kg per hectare (ha) over the last five-year period. It was found that the average fuel (diesel) consumption for groundnut cultivation were 13.06 g per kg of seed yield. The total CO2 emissions based on lower heating value of diesel fuel and lubricant oil were 5551.3 t CO2 per year. It was calculated that the average CO2 emission was 43.16 g per kg of groundnut seed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Octavian Grigore STOICA, Valer MICLE, Ioana Monica SUR

The current paper presents the method that designs, manufactures and tests antimony based pH sensor used for monitoring of soil pH. In the first stage of this work the method of manufacturing the sensitive antimony elements is presented. These sensitive elements are casted into different forms (conical and cylindrical). These are subjected to a series of analysis in order to determine the chemical composition of the material used 99.73% Sb, 0.27% Ti (EDX), the morphology of the structure (SEM) and the characteristics of the oxide layer (XRD). The second part of this paper explains the method of testing the manufactured antimony sensors in the reference pH solutions. Finally, the sensors are used for measurements and are tested, alternatively, in pairs, with a reference Ag/AgCl sensors found in commerce. The results of these measurements show values approximately identical at both manufactured sensors. The adapted sensor that was obtained shows a relatively fast and stable response to pH changes in aqueous solutions. Its potential has a linear relation with pH solutions and a slope of 50.95 mV/pH.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Hakan KAVUR, Ozan ARTUN

We aimed to calculate the incidence and prevalence values of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) between 2009-2014 for all the districts of Adana and also to produce the maps by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) via incidence and prevalence to show the distribution of the disease. After geographic correction, the borders of Adana were drawn using by ARCMAP 10.2. (ARCMAP; Esri, New York, United States of America) In order to make independent interpretations for all districts, boundaries were divided into separate layers. Prevalence and incidence between 2009-2014 were entered into the GIS database and interpreted. Our maps were created with the geographically corrected cartographic map and a database were evaluated based on the aim of the study. Although Kozan was the district where the most reported case of CL was seen (23.14%), the highest prevalence (0.345%) and incidence (0.1761‰) were detected in the province of Imamoglu in 2011. However, it has been found that the incidence and prevalence of CL tend to increase in regions where Syrian refugees lived. Creating maps based on the prevalence and incidence of CL commonly seen in the Eastern Mediterranean and especially in Adana, will have an important role in improving the measures to be taken against the disease.

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