ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Wolfram MAUSER, Tobias HANK, Tom JAKSZTAT, Elisabeth PROBST

Virtual Water Values (ViWA) is an interdisciplinary research project of geographers, remote sensing scientists, agroeconomists, computer scientists and landscape planners. It aims at supporting the implementation of water and food related SDGs by first developing a global, high resolution monitoring system for agricultural yields, water use efficiency and actual virtual water contents of agricultural products based on COPERNICUS Sentinel-2 time series. This data is used as input to GCE simulations of global agricultural trade and to identify global hot-spots of unsustainable (inefficient) water use and trade (both green and blue) by agriculture. Scenarios of trade incentives and regulations will be analyzed for their potentials and effectiveness to improve the sustainability of global agricultural water use. The Danube river basin is one regional case study of ViWA. Here the role of irrigation water use as well as upstream-downstream water conflicts is studied. First results of the continental and regional monitoring and simulations of actual yields, water use efficiencies and virtual water contents are shown and discussed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Stefania CHIRICA, Mihail LUCA, Iustina LATES, Alexandru-Lucian LUCA

Water losses are water supply systems performance indicators whose values have been rising in recent years. The paper presents an analysis of the „water loss" phenomenon in Iasi County and City, highlighting the exaggerated values in some territorial areas. The case study has made a correlation between the amount of water lost and the groundwater available in the county. The research conducted has highlighted the drastic decrease of available water volumes, simultaneously with an increase in water consumption. The available water resources in Iasi County are around 106.00 million m3 and the water demand is about 31% higher. The paper shows that water losses in transport and distribution networks must be drastically reduced to about 15-25%. At the same time, it is necessary to re-evaluate the water demand and to preserve the existing water sources at optimal quality parameters.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. VII
Written by Elisabeth PROBST, Philipp KLUG, Wolfram MAUSER, Diana DOGARU, Tobias HANK

The Romanian Plain is dominated by intensively used, fertile cropland with large agricultural potentials. Nutrient supply and water availability are major determinants of crop yields. Achievable yield is strongly influenced by fertilization and irrigation - depending on the local conditions. Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is an important objective for distributing the limited water for irrigation. We present a study which determines scenario-based yields and WUE of winter wheat and maize throughout the Romanian Plain (2015–2017). The study compares results of the biophysical crop growth model PROMET with data on actual plant development derived from Sentinel-2 time series. Actual crop yields and WUE are compared to their potentials which are determined by assuming optimal fertilization for both rainfed and optimal irrigated agriculture. The winter wheat simulations show that, under rain-fed conditions, optimal fertilization can more than double yields and maximize WUE, whereas irrigation hardly affects yield. Since maize is more affected by water stress in the Romanian Plain, optimal fertilization can double maize yields and maximize WUE under irrigation only.

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