ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Maria Daniela (IONICA) MIHAILA, Valentina Andreea CĂLMUC, Cătălin PLATON, Puiu-Lucian GEORGESCU, Cătălina ITICESCU

The Danube Basin collects water from nineteen countries and is exposed to significant amounts of pollutants. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) are considered critical contaminants of aquatic ecosystems, given their high predilection to enter and accumulate in food chains. The primary sources of heavy metal pollution consist of discharges from agricultural waste, industrial and urban wastewater into the aquatic environment, as well as mining activities. Given their persistence in the environment, it is required to conduct studies on heavy metal concentrations to understand their implications for aquatic life and to assess biomagnification through food chains. For this purpose, various pollution indices are utilised to evaluate the chemical speciation of metals within the environmental system. Shortly, it is essential to prioritize the development of technologies that can facilitate the recovery of harmful heavy metals, while mitigating potential risks to the environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Yurii DEHTIAROV, Zinaida DEHTIAROVA

The study of the influence of drip irrigation on electrophysical parameters and water-soluble salt content in soil and strawberry plants (petioles and fruits) under different fertilization systems is presented. The mineralization and pH of the water used to irrigate the strawberries were measured. The increased content of water-soluble sodium cation salts in irrigation water leads to soil salinization (typical chernozem) and an increase in its amount in the thickness of 0-50 cm during the study period. At the same time, the electrical conductivity of the soil-water suspension decreases. Water pH and salt pH tend to change to an alkaline reaction. The highest amount of calcium, sodium and potassium cations is found in the plants of the control variant, the lowest - in the mineral and organic-mineral variants, and the intermediate amount - in the organic system of fertilization with drip irrigation. Adjusting and regularly monitoring the salinity and pH of irrigation water will help grow healthy and beautiful plants, and plant sap analysis complements soil solution analysis.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Daniela-Mihaiela BOCA, Tudor Panfil TOADER, Andreea HEGYI, Marius VLADU

This study highlights the durability and sustainability of mountain farms, focusing on agricultural diversification as a method of adaptation and development. Mountain regions in Romania face significant challenges, such as climate change, population migration, and declining agricultural incomes. Diversifying agricultural products proves to be an effective solution for increasing the resilience of these farms, enhancing both food security and economic stability. The article examines development strategies, public policies for mountain areas, and support initiatives, including a case study on their implementation. Through an integrated approach, this study emphasizes the necessity of combining agricultural traditions with innovation to ensure a sustainable future for mountain farms. In conclusion, agricultural diversification is not just a survival strategy but also an opportunity for sustainable development in mountain communities.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Diana KIRIN, Petya ZAHARIEVA, Radoslava ZAHARIEVA, Georgi PATRONOV, Marian VARBANOV, Gergana METODIEVA, Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA

This study assesses the ecological state of the Borovitsa River, a tributary of the Arda River sub-basin, and the Maritsa River basin using a methodology approved for the European Union and Bulgaria. For the purpose of the study, in the spring of 2024, macroinvertebrates samples were collected from the Borovitsa River near the village of Nenkovo (in the section between Borovitsa Reservoir and Kardzhali Reservoir, according to Bulgarian river typology, this section is classified as R14:“Sub-Mediterranean small and medium-sized rivers” according to the typology of rivers in Bulgaria. The collected macrozoobenthos were taxonomically identified. Fourteen taxa were identified, based on which key ecological metrics were calculated - EPT taxa, Margalef species richness index (Dmg), Shannon-Weaver species diversity index (H’), Pielou’s evenness index (E), Simpson’s dominance index (C) and biotic index (BI). The findings provide valuable insights into the biodiversity and ecological status of the Borovitsa River, contributing to regional water quality assessments and conservation efforts.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Radoslava ZAHARIEVA, Petya ZAHARIEVA, Diana KIRIN

The study aims to conduct hydrobiological monitoring of the Kayaliika River (Maritsa River watershed) based on the biological quality element macrozoobenthos. The monitoring was performed following methodologies approved by the European Union and Bulgaria. Macrozoobenthos samples were collected in the autumn of 2024 from four locations (biotopes) along the Kayaliika River near the village of Ezerovo, Bodrovo, Varbitsa and Skobelevo. The number and taxonomic composition of the macrozoobenthos were determined, with the highest number of taxa found in the Kayaliika River biotope near the village of Skobelevo – 28 taxa, and the lowest – in the Kayaliika River biotope near the village of Varbitsa – 12 taxa. Basic indices for species diversity and abundance were calculated. The number of macrozoobenthos taxa by saprobity groups and sensitivity groups from the four biotopes of the studied river ecosystem was presented and compared. The results provide valuable insights into the ecological status of the Kayaliika River and contribute to regional water quality assessments.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Diana KIRIN, Radoslava ZAHARIEVA, Petya ZAHARIEVA, Marian VARBANOV, Georgi PATRONOV, Gergana METODIEVA

This study aims to carry out ecological monitoring of the surface water of the Parvenetska River (Eastern Aegean Sea region, Southern Bulgaria). For the study, samples of macrozoobenthos were collected in the spring of 2024 – a basic biological quality element according to the Water Framework Directive. The taxonomic affiliation of macroinvertebrates was determined, and 26 taxa were ident3ified. The number of EPT taxa, % (Oligochaeta & Diptera), % Filtering feeders, % EPT taxa, German trophic index, and species diversity indices were calculated. As a result of the study, it was established that in the studied biotope, macroinvertebrate taxa of sensitivity group C (relatively tolerant forms) dominate, followed by taxa of group B (less sensitive forms).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Petya ZAHARIEVA, Radoslava ZAHARIEVA, Diana KIRIN

This study assesses the ecological state of the surface water of the Mechka River from the Maritsa River Basin usingthe biological quality element macrozoobenthos. Four sampling sites (biotopes) were investigated in autumn 2024 along the Mechka River - 1) near the village of Lenovo; 2) near the village of Poroyna; 3) between the town of Parvomay and the village of Poroyna and 4) before the town of Parvomay. A total of 772 specimens of macrozoobenthos from 36 taxa were identified. The highest number of macroinvertebrate taxa was identified in the second biotope (21 taxa) and the lowest - in the first (14 taxa). The study shows that in three of the four biotopes, macroinvertebrates of Group C (relatively tolerant forms) dominate, whereas in Biotope 3) Mechka River between the town of Parvomay and the village of Poroyna, Group D (tolerant forms) dominates. Basic indices and metrics were calculated according to an established methodology.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Georgi PATRONOV, Diana KIRIN, Radoslava ZAHARIEVA, Petya ZAHARIEVA, Marian VARBANOV

The results of ecological monitoring studies of groundwater and soils in the region of the city of Plovdiv, East Aegean Basin, and Ecoregion 7 Eastern Balkans are presented. The studies were necessary as a result of the repair activities carried out on a damaged oil pipeline. The results obtained from the physicochemical monitoring of waters and soils are discussed (electrical conductivity, odour, turbidity, pH, colour, anthracene, aromatic hydrocarbons, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, benzene, benz(a)pyrene, naphthalene, petroleum pyrene, polycyclic petroleum products, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, chrysene), with the application of the existed standards. The exceedances of the monitored indicators of water quality for irrigation of crops, for the adjacent sources of surface water, and these oils are assessed. An ecological assessment of the studied groundwater and soils is presented. The health risks from using anthropogenically influenced groundwater and soils for plants, animals, and humans have been assessed. Measures to improve the ecological state have been identified.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Otilia NEDELCU, Ioan Corneliu SALISTEANU, Iulian UDROIU, Aurora DIACONEASA, Claudia GILIA, Daniel DUNEA

The paper presents an assessment of the status of the sustainability of Dâmboviţa County with special attention to the energy and environment interactions. A society seeking sustainable development ideally must utilize only energy resources that cause low or no environmental impact meaning no emissions released to the environment. In this matter, several indicators were analyzed and discussed such as increasing the share of renewable energy sources and low-carbon fuels in the transport sector (electric vehicles), including alternative fuels, and environmental issues in terms of energy conservation and renewable energy technologies, together with limitations on increased energy efficiency, and the relations between energy and sustainable development, and between the environment and sustainable development. To complete this complex approach, the role of innovation and technology transfer from universities actively involved in regional development was briefly discussed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Florica MATEI, Tudor SĂLĂGEAN, Ioana POP, Elemer-Emanuel ŞUBA, Mircea-Emil NAP, Silvia CHIOREAN, Paul SESTRAŞ, Simion BRUMĂ, Ştefan BORCAN-CONȚEVICI, Cristian MĂLINAŞ, Lucia-Adina TRUȚĂ

While the technology in Earth observation and Surveying fields advances, it’s possible to learn more information in less time. This research aimed to design a web application that provides useful information about the public monuments from Cluj-Napoca near the user’s location. Users can fix their position on the map, define the range of interest, and identify the monuments on the web map. Also, they can find the best route to the touristic objectives, pictures of the monuments, and their history. To achieve these, we first retrieved the coordinates of the statues and monuments using the Mobile Topographer application. We included these coordinates and information about the studied objectives’ history and type in a geodatabase. Secondly, we used ArcGIS Pro to obtain information based on the collected data, and a map was created. We created customized scalable icons for each studied monument type. Once data was analysed, it was uploaded into ArcGIS Online as a hosted feature layer based on which a web application was built. This application will be publicly accessible, without conditional on software licenses or the device used.

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