ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Tamara MYSLYVA, Christiaan Max HUISDEN, Marek MROZ, Nataliia TSUMAN, Yurii BILYAVSKYI

Land use changes monitoring and predicting, as well as assessing their impact on carbon storage dynamics, play a pivotal role in addressing environmental challenges and ensuring effective land use management. This study aims to identify land use changes and their impact on carbon storage in the Marowijne district of Suriname from 2017 to 2024 and predict changes for 2034. Sentinel-2 images were used to analyze land change patterns and predict future trends. A hybrid approach combining Markov chain analysis, cellular automata, multilayer perceptron, support vector machines, and logistic regression was used to forecast future land use dynamics, while InVEST and YASSO models were utilized for carbon storage and sequestration predictions. The support vector machine-Markov chain hybrid model achieved an impressive accuracy of over 97%, outperforming other hybrid models. This model is recommended for generating land use change prediction maps, providing a crucial baseline for sustainable land use management. During the subsequent decade (2024-2034), the net loss of high-carbon areas is expected to intensify, affecting 15-20% of the district's territory. The identified spatiotemporal distribution of carbon storage provides valuable insights that will play a key role in achieving the objectives of Suriname’s national green development strategy.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Nadezhda SHOPOVA, Desislava SLAVCHEVA-SIRAKOVA

In these papers, the bioclimatic index de Martonne was used to assess the hydrothermal conditions in some agricultural areas in Southern Romania and Northern Bulgaria during the period 1961-2020. The conditions from October to June were analyzed in view of the cultivation of winter cereals, as well as those from April to October, marking the time for growing spring crops. Additionally, indices were selected during some critical periods for both types of crops. The evaluation of the indices with the Mann-Kendall test and the Sen slope shows a significant (0.01) negative trend or an increase in the degree of unfavorability for growing winter crops in the Danube Plain. The indices during the period for growing rain fed spring crops 1961-2020 also show a negative, but insignificant trend.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Irina CATIANIS, Dumitru GROSU, Laura DUTU, Albert SCRIECIU, Andrei TOMA, Ana Bianca PAVEL, Ovidiu BORZAN, Gabriel IORDACHE

Significant progress in water conservation and environmental preservation has been made through efforts by worldwide authorities in ecological water management. However, unexpected water pollution events continue to threaten water quality and biodiversity. Monitoring pollution levels in surface waters is essential for supporting aquatic ecosystem services and sustainability. This study aimed to quantify heavy metal pollution in several sampling sites to assess water quality and its impact on biodiversity. Elements like As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using ICP-OES from samples collected during low-water (September 2024) and high-water (October 2024) conditions due to an upstream flood event. Results were compared to Romanian water quality standards. During low-water conditions, heavy metal concentrations were mostly below the limit for Quality Class I, except for Cd, which exceeded this limit. After the flood event, concentrations of most metals were within the Quality Class I limit. Still, Cd, Fe, and Pb showed varied results, with Ni levels ranging from very good to inferior water quality. Continuous monitoring is needed to prevent further degradation of delta ecosystems.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Stefan Florin BALAN, Bogdan Felix APOSTOL

The work describes assessments and public policies that would account for safety increase and duration in the exploitation of structures. The level at which the soil-structure interaction is approached in actual normative/codes is highlighted. Proposals for approaching different ways to rise the protection level of structures to be in seismic zones were examined, starting from their location and design; this implies the knowledge of the site seismicity, earthquakes-related parameters prediction, the importance of (extended) geotechnical studies, etc. The interaction wave-structure is studied by using the model of harmonic oscillator coupled to an elastic medium. This analysis is meant to be relevant for the effects of seismic motion upon localized structure. Also, the model of an elastic structural element embedded at one end is envisaged and the normal modes and the eigenfrequencies of this independent module are highlighted. The response to oscillating shocks is computed for various ground excitations applied to its base. The response of two coupled modules, viewed as simplified structures thereby harmonic oscillators as well, to an oscillating shock is calculated, and amplification factors are highlighted.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Cristinel CONSTANDACHE, Ciprian TUDOR, Laurenţiu POPOVICI

The ecological reconstruction of degraded lands was based on the predominant use of pine species (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris), resulting in pure stands or sometimes mixed with deciduous trees, with a fragile structure, prone to damage. The research was carried out during 2023-2024, in 18 research areas located on degraded lands in the Vrancea area, in stands of different ages with the aim of the knowledge of compositional and structural indicators that reflect the intensity of competitive processes. The results indicate a pronounced predisposition to disturbances in pure young stands, with a high level of compositional homogeneity and relative abundances of Scots pine. The relationship between the structural diversity index (Gini) and the coefficient of variation allowed the determination of the structure type of the stand, the correlation coefficient being significant (r=0.9923). Research has shown that mixed stands are more structurally stable than pure stands, promoting mixed species being essential in increasing the resistance of stands. The results are useful for decision-makers, the goal being to create stands with structures resistant to the action of damaging factors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Peter UDVARDY, Matyas Csongor KOVACS, Levente DIMEN

In recent years, indoor plant cultivation has become an increasingly popular hobby. However, the natural environment required for optimal plant growth is not universally available, and therefore, it is necessary to replicate the missing environmental factors. Successful cultivation can be greatly enhanced by monitoring and adjusting environmental conditions. By collecting and analysing environmental data, it is possible to set appropriate parameters and optimize the operation of an environmental control system. This system requires sensors and actuators to compensate for environmental deficiencies and automate relevant processes. If the system's parameters are flexible enough, it can support the growth of a wide range of plant species. An effective approach to achieve this flexibility is through an online interface that allows remote access and enables the display of measured data as well as the adjustment of control parameters. A microcontroller-based system can be employed to manage this process. This paper outlines the hardware and software architecture, describes the communication protocols used, and provides an analysis of the system’s expected performance.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Ana-Maria GLOD-LENDVAI, Iuliana ARMAȘ, Razvan TEODORESCU, Aurora DIACONEASA, Virgil MOISE, Daniel DUNEA

The study analyzes the use of InSAR technology and validated data for risk management and natural disaster impact assessment, focusing on the subsidence in Bucharest, associated with underground works and activities, and earthquakes. The TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites provide crucial information for rapid mapping, spatial analysis, and thematic mapping, supporting effective responses to earthquakes, floods, and other hazards. The analysis identifies ground changes based on radar data using techniques such as Persistent Scatterers (PS) and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS). The study integrates decision analysis into the ILWIS software, using the multi-criteria method (SMCE) to assess vulnerabilities along the M5 Metro Line. The methodology involves structuring problems, evaluating alternatives, and prioritizing solutions, demonstrating the applicability of innovative tools in reducing urban risks. The results highlight the importance of advanced technologies in risk prevention and management, providing recommendations for reducing the impact of subsidence and improving urban planning. There is a clear need for integrated, rapid, and accurate approaches to respond to the more frequent and complex challenges in contemporary society based on validated data and modern technologies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by George CRISTIAN, Sorin HERBAN, Carmen GRECEA, Clara-Beatrice VÎLCEANU, Andreea Diana CLEPE

This study presents a case analysis of an integrated surveying and mapping initiative conducted at the Dolj Chim industrial complex in Romania, with the primary objective of determining material volumes expected from impending demolition activities. Employing a multi-faceted approach, the research combined data acquisition using a handheld LiDAR system for the interior and data acquired through a UAS equipped with high-resolution imaging sensors for the exterior. These complementary datasets were georeferenced using ground control points collected via Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and Total Station measurements, ensuring a consistently accurate and spatially coherent representation of the site. This integrated approach streamlines data management and enhances the utility of subsequent analyses. The results emphasize the significance of selecting and integrating appropriate surveying technologies tailored to the complexities of industrial environments. By leveraging the strengths of various methods, high-density interior scanning and external imaging, reinforced by reliable ground-based control, the study achieves an enriched and precise dataset conducive to informed decision-making in demolition planning. Beyond its immediate relevance, this approach demonstrates broader applicability in complex geospatial contexts, illuminating best practices for harmonizing sensor technologies and conventional surveying techniques. Consequently, the research contributes insights into optimizing data quality, operational efficiency, and overall methodological rigor in contemporary geospatial applications.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Aurelia BRADU, Alexandrina-Elena ANDON, Alexandra-Marina BARBU, Claudiu-Sorin DRAGOMIR

Since the dawn of industrialization, technological advancements have progressed rapidly, outpacing the planet's natural resources' ability to sustain them. In the face of global warming, habitat destruction the imperative to invest in sustainable development practices has become increasingly evident. Clay-based construction materials are gaining traction at the national level, with their benefits recognized for the technical advantages and their contribution to the long-term durability of construction elements. The issue of vegetable waste is a large-scale, multifaceted challenge that continues to grow in urgency alongside rising consumption. Integrating vegetable waste into clay compositions exemplifies how traditional materials can be innovatively adapted to meet contemporary challenges. By combining ancient building techniques with modern knowledge and technology, clay composites can pave the way for a greener construction industry. This sustainable solution not only addresses pressing environmental concerns but also fosters a circular economy where waste becomes a resource. Through such practices, the construction industry can evolve into a model of resilience and sustainability for other sectors to follow.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Simion BRUMA, Catalin-Stefanel SABOU, Ioana POP, Florica MATEI, Paul SESTRAS, Mircea NAP, Elemer-Emanuel SUBA, Tudor SALAGEAN

The comprehensive mapping and inspection of both underground and above-ground terrain in mountainous environments pose significant challenges for engineering projects, particularly those involving legacy infrastructure. This study presents an integrated geospatial methodology for the rehabilitation and modernization of the Tomesti micro-hydropower station in Timiș County, Romania. By combining GNSS-based control networks, UAV photogrammetry, airborne LiDAR, and handheld SLAM scanning, the project achieved high-resolution data acquisition across complex topographies and inaccessible subsurface structures. Ground control points were established using total stations to ensure millimetric precision and consistent georeferencing of all datasets. The workflow delivered orthophotos, digital surface and terrain models, detailed topographic plans, and 3D reconstructions of the interior hydro-technical gallery. These outputs formed the foundation for updated technical documentation and supported engineering analyses for structural rehabilitation and eco-friendly water intake systems. The results confirm that modern geomatics, when anchored in classical surveying practices, provides a robust framework for accurate assessment, design, and environmental integration. This case study underscores the value of multi-sensor approaches in repurposing abandoned infrastructure for sustainable energy production and demonstrates their practical relevance in mountainous terrain.

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