ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Sorin ȘTEFĂNUȚ, Florența-Elena HELEPCIUC, Constantin-Ciprian BÎRSAN, Georgiana-Roxana NICOARĂ, Tiberiu SAHLEAN, Gabriela TAMAS, Gabriel-Mihai MARIA, Viorel-Dumitru GAVRIL, Miruna-Maria ȘTEFĂNUȚ, Larisa-Isabela FLORESCU, Mirela-Mădălina MOLDOVEANU, Constanța-Mihaela ION, Ana-Maria MOROȘANU

The Bahnele Bancului peatlands, located in Suceava County, were selected for restoration due to multiple threats, such as habitat degradation, overgrazing, and drainage. The peatland currently faces an unfavourable conservation status, with Picea abies trees, over 80 years old, being the dominant vegetation. By integrating national moss species surveys with ongoing peatland restoration efforts, local research has been significantly supported. Field assessments conducted between 2022 and 2023 revealed valuable species and habitat data. Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl., a key moss species that serves as an indicator of well-preserved spruce forests and is protected by the EU Habitats Directive, was identified on the site in June 2022. In addition, priority habitats, such as 91D0* Bog Woodland were observed, with notable species including Sphagnum spp., the rare orchid Epipactis helleborine, and the Carpathian newt (Lissotriton montandoni). These findings have contributed to the completion of the Natura 2000 site designation forms, which include detailed habitat and species data along with a map, highlighting the site’s importance for conservation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Bilyana GRIGOROVA-PESHEVA, Yordan IVANOV

The main objective of the study is to investigate the microbiological status of soils in beech plantations of the first and second site index. Ten soil profiles were established in ten test areas with beech plantations. The study includes an analysis of the main physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the ten soil profiles. In each test area, the site index, relative stocking and the average volume (m3/ha) of the plantation was determined. The studied soils are of the Cambisols, Regosols and Rendzinas type. Soil samples were taken from the A and B (C) horizons. Basic indicators related to soil microorganisms were studied - humus (%), org.C mg/kg-1, pH and mechanical composition. For determination of total microbial number and the amount of individual microbiological groups (bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi), the standard method of serial dilutions and subsequent inoculation was used. The results are reported in Colony-forming unit. A horizon has a greater microbial abundance than the underlying soil horizons, regardless of the considered soil type. There are no clear dynamics in the redistribution of the percentage participation of microbial groups at depth. There is no clear correlation between the microbial abundance and site index of the plantations. The highest microbial abundance was observed at an altitude above 1300 m (TA9 and TA10). Brown forest soils stand out with the highest average biogenicity. It was found that the percentage of microscopic fungi increases in acidic soils, while their amount in Rendzinas decreases below 1.0 × 105 CFU/g dry soil.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Traian Ciprian STROE, Oana MIHAI-FLOREA, Liliana MIRON

Climate change in recent decades has had a significant impact on Romanian agriculture. In this context, Tulcea County, located in the south-eastern part of the country, has experienced a trend of increasing average annual temperatures, an increase in the number of days with temperatures above 30°C and a decrease in total annual precipitation. The study analyzed meteorological data, the evolution of crop structure, cultivated area, and yield trends over a 20-year period (1994-2023). The results showed an increase in average annual temperature from 12.39°C in 1994 to 13.8°C in 2023. Precipitation was low and showed significant variability, ranging from 215.8 mm in 2022 to 732 mm in 1997, with uneven distribution during the crop growing season. The area planted with cereals for grain varied considerably, influenced by both the predicted climatic conditions and the extent of irrigated land. Statistical analysis was performed using the Python software package, applying Pearson correlation tests to examine the relationship between climatic variables and agricultural yields. Linear regression methods were also used to identify long-term trends. The statistical tests showed that both increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation were correlated with declining maize and wheat yields, highlighting the vulnerability of agriculture to climate change. Maize production ranged from a minimum of 323 kg/ha in 2003 to a maximum of 8,820 kg/ha in 2018. The overall trend indicates a slight decrease in average production (R2 = 0.41, p < 0.05), correlated with increasing temperatures. Wheat showed a more stable yield, reaching a maximum of 4,738 kg/ha in 2021. The production trend was positive in periods with moderate rainfall (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.01).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Jenica CĂLINA, Aurel CĂLINA, Alin CROITORU

The work was carried out based on the experience of over 30 years of study of the authors' team in the field of land measurements, during which, throughout the specific activities of topography and cadastre, they worked with both classic equipment and high-performance, modern equipment. Based on this, we thought of presenting in this short work, the essence of the experience, which aims to target the impact of modern information systems on all aspects related to topo-cadastral works. A case study was presented for the technical documentation necessary for the tabulation of a road in a locality in Dolj County. As a result, all the advantages and novelties related to the application in topo-cadastral works of the complex information system, consisting of high-performance modern equipment used to collect data from the field, combined with automatic data processing, with a high-performance specialized program, with wide applicability in several fields in Romania. The results were very relevant and significant in terms of their impact on the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and accuracy of the terrestrial measurement work carried out in the presented case study.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Adrian-Victor LAZARESCU, Brăduț-Alexandru IONESCU, Mihail CHIRA, Tudor-Panfil TOADER, Alexandra CSAPAI, Andreea HEGYI, Carmen-Teodora FLOREAN

Geopolymers can be regarded as a type of sustainable and green building material, with the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions when compared with conventional alternatives. The present study analyses the performance of geopolymeric binder-based composites that have been obtained by means of alkaline activation of fly ash, which is an abundant industrial waste. The present research is centred upon the evaluation of mechanical properties, such as compressive strength and flexural strength, as main characteristics of their durability. A further objective of the project was to investigate the influences of various factors on the final properties of the material. The experimental findings suggest that the optimised mixture displays enhanced performance with regard to durability and sustainability. This suggests that the material has considerable potential for use in a variety of construction applications. The study provides detailed insight into the potential of this innovative material, which contributes to the development of environmentally friendly construction technologies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Flavia Mălina CIOFLAN, Flavius IRIMIE, Nicu Cornel SABĂU

The realization of the cadastral plan for administrative territorial units, involves as field activities, the identification of owners and neighbors, the identification and spatial positioning of plots, and the verification of the category of use. The case study was carried out within the administrative territorial unit Pietroasa, Bihor County, and aims to analyze the technical aspects related to the realization of the cadastral plan of cadastral sector 31. For the identification of the cadastral sector and the plots, a drone flight was carried out, thus obtaining an orthophotogram of the respective location. The spatial positioning of the detailed topographic points related to the plots was carried out with GNSS technology, GPS system, using the RTK method, based on the GNSS station Beiuș. The reporting of the coordinates of the characteristic points of detail, and the preparation of the cadastral plan in digital format was done with the program MapSys 9.0. In the end, a total of 652 plots were reported in cadastral sector 31. By using the above-mentioned logistics and working methods, a high degree of automation and superior positioning accuracy was achieved.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Gabriela BIALI, Maria Catalina PASTIA, Paula COJOCARU, Carmen Elena MAFTEI

This study examines the geomorphological conditions of representative gravel extraction sites along the Moldova River and assesses the impact of riverbed material extraction on the stability of the riverbed and the sediment regeneration rate. The analyzed sector spans approximately 26 km, encompassing the stretch of the Moldova River between Păltinoasa and Cornu Luncii in Suceava County, with a particular focus on the Capu Câmpului extraction site. The intensity of gravel extraction activities is reflected in the variations of suspended sediment hydrographs, which exhibit an increasing trend over time in the Moldova River, contrasting with the general decreasing trend observed in other rivers of the Siret Basin. Utilizing GIS techniques, including orthophotoplans and ArcGIS 9.2 software (via Digital Elevation Model creation), calculations were made for the volumes of mineral aggregates potentially extractable between 2017 and 2021. Previous studies have demonstrated that riverbed material extraction can lead to significant modifications in river morphology, including channel erosion and changes in hydraulic regimes, with effects on aquatic biodiversity and water quality. In conclusion, the research underscores the importance of detailed evaluation of the impact of riverbed material extraction on the geomorphological and ecological stability of the Moldova River, to support the development of sustainable management practices for fluvial resources.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Mariana NICULESCU, Florina GRECU

The studied area includes the former Baia Nouă quarry mining, which belongs to the Dubova locality, Mehedinți County, an integral part of the Banat Mountains. As part of this work, we tried to carry out an ecological rehabilitation study of the area where all mining operations have been closed for a very long time, the Baia Nouă quarry mining is a ruin, here you can find waste and garbage resulting from the abandonment and degradation of the administrative buildings in the quarry. In order to achieve a good rehabilitation of this area, we took into account the type of native vegetation, existing here and in the immediate vicinity, in order to avoid fragmentation of habitats, as well as the existence of an obvious "desire" of some species to establish themselves and conquer new territories in this area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Elena-Denisa PREDESCU, Carmen Otilia RUSĂNESCU, Irina Aura ISTRATE, Roxana-Elena FRÎNCU, Sabrina Maria BĂLĂNESCU

This review examines the literature on particulate matter (PM), covering studies published between 2019 and 2024. Articles were selected based on their relevance to PM sources, chemical composition, atmospheric behaviour, and health impacts, prioritizing the studies in English. The review synthethizes findings on PM origin, including traffic, industrial emissions, constructing activities, and natural processes such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions. It also highlights the relationship between particle size and chemical composition, as well as the health-related effects of PM exposure, including respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. The results underline the urgency of implementing measures to reduce PM emissions and protect public health.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Andreea BEGOV-UNGUR, Ioana Aurica BERINDEIE, Levente DIMEN

Starting from the statement "A good cadastre of the parcels will be the complement of my civil code," the fundamental importance of the cadastre in the management of land and real estate properties becomes evident. It provides a detailed and up-to-date record of land parcels, including their owners, describing the boundaries and characteristics of each property. Through this, the cadastre facilitates the implementation and adherence to legal norms regarding property rights and their transfer. In the context of societal development and evolution, a well-maintained cadastre becomes an essential tool for urban planning, natural resource management, and infrastructure project implementation. Furthermore, a modern cadastre system can help prevent legal disputes related to property and serve as a crucial instrument in urbanization and economic development processes. An efficient cadastre is not only a technical necessity but also a fundamental element for the functioning of a coherent legal system and for responsible real estate management, contributing to the establishment and maintenance of a cohesive societal structure.

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