ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Ghiţă Cristian CRAINIC

Coniferous stands are relatively vulnerable to the impact of extreme weather events, often being affected by windfalls, because the spruce species (Picea abies L.) has a trailing root system. As a result, high-intensity winds cause windfalls on compact surfaces and the breaking of tree crowns and trunks. Windfalls in spruce stands also affect the forest soil, on considerable surfaces. The case study was carried out in spruce stands in the Horea Apuseni Forest District, Alba County, which were affected by windfalls and breakages. The objectives of the case study refer to the impact of the extreme weather events of 2011-2017 on spruce stands, forest soil and implicitly on the management of the affected forest unit. The wood affected by these extreme phenomena was valued at a price specific to the assortments and quality of accidental wood products, registering considerable financial losses. Also, a microrelief specific to wind fellings was formed, with a extremely negative impact on the ecological rehabilitation process of the affected spruce stands. The regeneration process of these stands was carried out over a relatively long period, 10-12 years, with very large financial efforts.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Raluca Lucia DINCULOIU, Daniel SIMULESCU, Carmen Otilia RUSĂNESCU, Mihaela BEGEA, Gigel PARASCHIV, Sorin Ștefan BIRIȘ, Maria CIOBANU

The identification and assessment of the pressures and threats to which protected areas are subjected is crucial in order to plan, implement and assess conservation actions. Our study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use/land cover changes that occurred in the Olteț Piedmont between 2012 and 2018 and identify the main threats that anthropogenic activities pose to natural protected areas. The major changes in land use that took place between 2012 and 2018 had a great impact on the landscape. The disappearance of large surfaces of vineyards (‒8150 ha), orchards (‒2400 ha), watercourses (‒700 ha), beaches, dunes and sand plains (‒140 ha) and inland marshes (‒40 ha) are the most significant. These terrains were occupied by complex crops (+4350 ha), deciduous forests (+2900 ha) and transitional woodland shrub (+750 ha). Also, the built-up areas, especially near cities like Craiova, Filiași, Balș and Drăgășani, had an increase in surface. The results revealed that the expansion of arable land and urban areas have a great impact in the conservation of biodiversity in natural protected areas from the Olteț Piedmont.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Cristian STĂNESCU, Gabriel PREDUȘCĂ, Liana Denisa CÎRCIUMĂRESCU

This paper presents the development and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based control system for small-scale greenhouse environments. The core of the system is the Arduino Nano 33 IoT (SAMD21 Cortex-M0, 32-bit), which integrates multiple environmental sensors to monitor temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity. Based on user-defined parameters, the system automates plant care actions: activating an LED lighting matrix, powering a ventilation fan, and triggering a water pump for irrigation. System monitoring and control can be performed locally through an LCD interface or remotely via a cloud-based dashboard. Beyond automation, the study investigates the influence of various types of music - such as classical, techno, and meditation - on the germination and growth of lettuce and radish plants. Experimental results indicate that classical and meditation music enhanced plant development, while techno music had a negative effect, despite otherwise optimal environmental conditions. The findings demonstrate the dual potential of IoT systems for smart agriculture: enabling precision environmental control and exploring novel stimuli, such as sound, to support plant growth.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Mircea SĂLCUDEAN, Maria POPA

The work aimed to show that it is feasible to integrate ceramic waste from the construction industry and demolitions into the content of concrete recipes, as a partial replacement for natural aggregates in standard concrete recipes. The integration of these wastes into the composition of concrete is of particular importance because, on the one hand, we reduce the amount of waste resulting from the construction industry, and on the other hand, we achieve savings of raw materials used in the manufacture of concrete, coming from exhaustible natural resources. Compared to the standard C16/20 concrete recipe used as the control sample in the experimental recipe, the natural aggregates of size 4-8 mm were partially replaced by 50% ceramic waste. Various physical-mechanical tests were performed, such as determining the density of fresh concrete, determining the compressive strength of concrete containing ceramic waste compared to a standard concrete recipe containing natural aggregate. Following tests on experimental recipes, very good results were obtained in determining the compressive strength, which were similar to the test results on standard concrete recipes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Tatiana OLINIC

The root systems of vegetation are fundamental in enhancing shallow slope stability, with the shear strength of soil-root systems serving as a critical parameter for its assessment. The role of roots in stabilizing shallow slopes has been extensively documented, and the use of vegetation for slope stabilization and soil erosion control is a well-established practice across many regions worldwide. This sustainable approach has even led to the emergence of new research disciplines focused on its development. This review article aims to synthesize and evaluate existing research on the shear strength parameters of soil-root systems across various plant species and soil types. Additionally, it examines how these parameters are affected when plant roots dry out due to hydric stress caused by recent climate change. The study provides insights into the impact of root desiccation on slope stability, highlighting the importance of understanding vegetation's role in maintaining soil cohesion under changing conditions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Ernest Daniel OLINIC

The main geotechnical parameter indicating the presence of active clays is the swelling pressure, which is globally determined using at least three different methods. In Romania, however, the swelling pressure is determined using only one method (through the compressibility test in oedometer on initially saturated samples). Regardless of the method used, the initial moisture content significantly influences the results. Two types of moisture content are typically considered: natural moisture content (according to STAS 1913/12-88) and the shrinkage limit (according to NP 126-2010). In current practice, the initial moisture content is usually the natural moisture content. However, by saturating the sample, only the swelling characteristics of the soil are identified, not the shrinkage characteristics. This article aims to synthesize the methods for determining the specific properties of active clays, based on international technical standards and norms.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Raluca Lucia DINCULOIU, Daniel SIMULESCU, Carmen Otilia RUSĂNESCU, Irina Aura ISTRATE, Gabriel Alexandru CONSTANTIN, Mihaela BEGEA, Edmond MAICAN, Gheorghe VOICU, Maria CIOBANU

This study represents an assessment of the spatio-temporal dynamics of anthropic pressure in the Olteț Piedmont (a subdivision of the Getic Piedmont), located in the southern part of Romania. With the help of ArcGIS 10.5 software, we managed to process the statistical data provided by Dolj, Olt, Gorj and Vâlcea County Statistics Offices (for 2004 and 2014) by creating a vector database and calculating the following environmental indicators: population density, human pressure through arable land use (0.68 ha/inh. - 2014), landscape naturality (0.29 ha/ha - 2014), environmental change (12.91 ha/ha - 2014) and landscape artificialization (0.053 ha/ha - 2014). By comparing the results, for the two reference years (2004 and 2014), we managed to identify some areas were the anthropogenic impact on the environment of the Olteț Piedmont is significantly. Thus, the southern part of the piedmont is the most affected especially by the expansion of rural areas around the major urban areas (such as Craiova, Filiași, Balș, Piatra-Olt, and Drăgășani cities); built-up area increased from 17,110 hectares to 17,248 hectares. The central and northern part of the piedmont, widely forested, is very little affected by the impact of human activities.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Daniel-Marcel MANOLI, Cristian-Ştefan BARBU, Mihaela-Elena STAN, Manole-Stelian ȘERBULEA, Alina TATOMIR, Oana-Cristina CARAȘCA, Ruxandra-Irina ERBASU, Andrei-Dan SABAU

The thermal properties of loess soil are essential for the distribution of heat generated by electrical cables in wind turbines. In these systems, where high-intensity electrical flow induces conductor heating through the Joule effect, the ability of the soil to facilitate heat transfer has a direct impact on the energy efficiency, operational safety and the durability of the electrical infrastructure, as inefficient thermal diffusion can lead to conductor overheating, affecting electrical resistance, degrading insulation and reducing cable lifespan. This study investigates the effects of density and moisture content on the thermal conductivity of silty soils at different compaction levels. Experimental tests were conducted on loessial soil samples compacted to 85-90% of the maximum dry density determined by the modified Proctor test. All measurements included the determination of dry-out curves to observe the variations of thermal conductivity with a gradual decrease in moisture content. The results indicate an increase in thermal conductivity with higher degree of compaction due to reduced porosity and improved particle contact.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Sneha BASKARAN, Ezhilmaran DEVARASAN

This article investigates the evolving landscape of machine learning and its application in waste management from 2014 to 2024, utilizing data from Scopus and employing the VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis. The research identified 217 articles related to machine learning in waste management. Our analysis aimed to assess metrics such as yearly publication trends, citation rates, top publishing countries, and the most influential authors in the field. Additionally, we examined the evolution of research on machine learning in waste management, focusing on highly cited articles, leading journals, authors' keywords, co-citation patterns, and co-authorship networks among countries and organizations. This comprehensive review provides a deeper understanding of the growth and collaborative nature of the field. The results indicate a notable rise in machine learning publications in waste management, increasing from 1 in 2016 to 62 in 2024, for a total of 217 publications. China, India, and South Korea led the research output, contributing 19.35%, 15.67%, and 10.60%, respectively. Leading journals such as the Journal of Cleaner Production, Waste Management, and Sustainability Switzerland emerged as critical contributors. A sharp increase in publications was observed post-2020, especially in the Journal of Cleaner Production. One of the most notable findings was the high citation rate of research on machine learning techniques in waste management, underscoring their practical relevance and mathematical significance in optimizing waste handling and reduction. Frequently occurring keywords included "machine learning", "waste management", and "deep learning". The VOSviewer visualizations indicated strong international collaboration networks, highlighting a robust global research framework. Our study emphasizes the growing influence of machine learning in waste management, marked by increasing research activity and international cooperation, and showcases the transformative potential of machine learning driven models in improving global waste management practices.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIV
Written by Daniela DOBRE, Claudiu-Sorin DRAGOMIR, Iolanda-Gabriela CRAIFALEANU, Cornelia-Florentina DOBRESCU, Emil-Sever GEORGESCU

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a technology and methodology designed to assess the condition of structural systems by evaluating potential damage that may occur after an earthquake. Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools provide storage and visualization capabilities for digitally representing a building, incorporating raw data such as photographs, measurements, point clouds, and damage information. This paper presents a framework aimed at enhancing traditional databases. It integrates data collected from various sensors installed within a structure, employing post-processing techniques like finite element analysis to evaluate the health of both structural and non-structural elements. Additionally, the soil conditions are taken into account during these assessments. The collected information is then incorporated into a BIM environment featuring an improved interface that enhances connectivity between the two system architectures. This integration utilizes standardized file formats as defined by ISO standards. Developing scientific and experimental databases for building structures is an emerging trend in global research and a key component of the Romanian National Strategy for Seismic Risk Reduction. Digital building information models facilitate real-time updates and improve coordination among intervention teams following significant earthquakes.

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