ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Gabi Mirela MATEI, Sorin MATEI, Monica DUMITRASCU, Victoria MOCANU

Romania owns important areas with High Natural Value (HNV) agriculture systems. The aim of the paper was to assess the biodiversity aspects of microbial communities in two soils from the areal selected for HNV payments, that belongs to the Pilot Zone II in Lupac, Caras-Severin County: P3-cultivated in conventional system with maize for forage and P4-under HNV agriculture system with forage plants, mainly leguminous, between abandoned orchard trees. Microbial counts and taxonomy of bacteria and fungi have been determined (by dilution plate method). Diversity index of Shannon and similarity index between the habitats have been calculated, as well as soil respiration potential (estimated by substrate-induced respiration method). Microbial diversity varied from 3 to 9 species. Dominant species included Pseudomonas fluorescent, Bacillus spp. and cosmopolitan genera Penicillium and Trichoderma, with role in improving the control of phytopathogens in rhizosphere and nutrients uptake by plants, aggregation of soil, cellulose decomposition and carbon sequestration. Circular paper chromatograms provided information on biological quality of studied soils.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Iulia DANA NEGULA, Cristian MOISE, Florina DEDIU, Mihaela GHEORGHE, Georgeta TUDOR, Umut Güneș SEFERCIK

The European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) is a new, open and freely available addition to the pan-European component of the core Copernicus Land Management Service (CLMS). The service offers very accurate and consistent information regarding the ground motion velocity that might be correlated with a wide range of circumstances, such as landslides, subsidence, volcanic activity and many others. The products (i.e., basic, calibrated and ortho) delivered by EGMS were generated based on Sentinel-1 time-series acquired between 2016 and 2020, using advanced Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (A-DInSAR) techniques. The present study addresses the suitability of the EGMS ortho products for the monitoring of 15 solid waste landfills located across the territory of Romania. The vertical displacements extracted for each selected landfill were analysed and correlated with the available background information (e.g., exploitation duration, the quantity of waste disposal per year, etc.). The study proved that EGMS might be an important tool for waste management since it enables the continued monitoring of the landfill settlement process.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Peter UDVARDY, Levente DIMEN, Tudor BORSAN

This paper aims to present a GIS-aided safety map related to the non-invasive assessment of trees in urban green areas. The goal is to create an urban GIS-based evidence of the green areas focused on hidden tree pathology, in order to increase the safety of urban parks and provide an instrument for decision-making to eliminate trees that pose a danger to citizens due to hidden pathology. This is especially important in light of the tremendous physical destruction, injury, loss of life, and economic damage caused by wind disasters, as well as concurrent heavy rains and flooding, which have become increasingly common in recent decades. Improved observational capabilities and recordings of such events have led to greater public awareness of severe weather events.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Tatiana OLINIC, Ana Maria STANCIU, Ana Cornelia BUTCARU, Vasilica LUCHIAN

The influence of vegetation on mechanical soil behaviour represents a significant factor to be considered in erosion control. This type of erosion control process is named bio-reinforcement and it is an environmentally friendly engineering method for shallow slope stabilization. The mechanical reinforcement made by roots has effect in shallow soil, where the most root biomass exists. Vegetation plays an important role in stabilizing settlements and infrastructures from hazards produced by water energy. The new trend named sustainability has forced engineers to rediscover vegetation as an engineering solution for shallow slope protection. This review paper presents various species of plants with an important role in slope stabilization applications. The need for a sustainable future creates a new engineering discipline, named Eco-geotechnics, which integrates knowledge from soil mechanics, botanics, engineering geology and atmosphere science.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Laurențiu BUDĂU, Simon PESCARI, Remus CHENDEȘ, Clara-Beatrice VÎLCEANU, Sorin HERBAN

The needs of today's society for urban planning require realistic 3D representations of objects or cities for various purposes. The topicality of the study is given by the fact that digital recording of cultural heritage objects represents one of today’s society preoccupation for purposes such as maintenance, reproduction multimedia tools for education and dissemination, to artefact condition monitoring. Analysis in a virtual world, using 3D models, for historic buildings or ancient fortresses is much more efficient than a classical 2D analysis. Thus, the aim of this study was to make a comparison between processing digital images to obtain a 3D model of an object using, in the first case, a specialized, widely used software, and, in the other cases, different open-source specialized software. The object studied was the statue of General Ion Dragalina located in Dragalina Park in Caransebeș municipality, western Romania. To process the digital images, four specialized programs were used: Agisoft Metashape, 3DF Zephyr Free, Regard 3D and Meshroom together with Meshlab. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the programs studied are highlighted by comparison.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Mircea Răzvan MEREA, Simon Alexandru PESCARI, Valeriu-Augustin STOIAN, Clara-Beatrice VÎLCEANU

The current study focuses on the structure cost and the energy efficiency for a five-storey building located in Timisoara, Romania. A cost comparison and the energy demand between two types of structures was concluded, namely a concrete structure and a masonry structure. The study focuses only on the building’s structure because the building’s finishes and the installation are the same for both cases. Regarding the energy efficiency, the difference appears for the exterior walls, in the first case, for the concrete structure building the walls are realized with autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC) and in the second case for the masonry structure the exterior walls are realized with brick masonry. The walls insulation is the same in both cases.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Alexandru Florin PITROACA, Simon Alexandru PESCARI, Valeriu-Augustin STOIAN, Clara-Beatrice VÎLCEANU

The purpose of this study is to see the differences between the investment costs and the energy efficiency for two types of roofs for a 2-storey house located in Timisoara, Romania. The paper contains a comparison of the costs and energy demand between a pitched roof and a flat roof. The energy demand will be calculated using the stationary method with a modeling program. The study focuses only on the effects of choosing between the two types of buildings roofs, so the dimensions of buildings, characteristics of the buildings envelope (exterior walls, windows and doors, ground floor slab) and the installation systems remain the same.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Vitaliy DYSHLYUK

It was determined that the sewage sludges of the sewage treatment facilities of a million-plus city and the industrial center in the north of Ukraine, after the final aging on sludge sites, according to agroecological indicators, are suitable for their use as a local organic raw material to produce innovative types of complex organo-mineral fertilizers. The composition of complex organo-mineral fertilizers based on sewage sludge with mineral additives of various origins was developed and new types of organo-mineral fertilizers of prolonged action for multi-purpose use were obtained. When studying the effectiveness of new types of organo-mineral fertilizers in a field experiment, it was established that on gray forest soil under the conditions of the northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, fertilizers of the first type were not inferior to traditional and non-traditional organic fertilizers in terms of effectiveness in the year of direct action when the main application was made in optimal doses under corn for silage and complete mineral fertilizer in equivalent doses. New organo-mineral fertilizers of the second type were not inferior to organic fertilizers in terms of direct-action efficiency.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Peter UDVARDY, Levente DIMEN, Gergely VAKULYA

Extensive monitoring plays a key role in environmental protection. This task, however, has many issues to solve, communication and data collection being a difficult one. This paper focuses on the challenges of observing hard-to-access areas, such as forests and wetlands. The performance of the possible solutions for this problem are compared, focusing to sensor networking and Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, and a drone-based solution will be proposed. The presented method offers a robust, and reliable, yet simple data collection solution. The hardware and software architecture, the communication protocol will be described, and the estimated performance of the system is analysed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XII
Written by Cosmin-Constantin NIŢU

In mathematics, the term "differential" refers to several related notions derived from the early days of mathematical analysis, which became rigorous later, such as infinitesimal differences and the derivatives of functions. The notion is used in various areas of mathematics such as algebraic geometry, algebraic topology, calculus, differential geometry etc. The term differential is used non rigorously in calculus referring to an infinitely small ("infinitesimal") variation change in a quantity. For example, if one considers x as a variable, then a "bigger" change in the value of x is often denoted by Δx. The differential dx is an infinitesimal change of the variable x. The concept of an infinitely small or infinitely slow change is very useful, and there are several of mathematical tools to make it precise. Using calculus, it is possible to relate the infinitesimal changes of several variables to each other using function derivatives. In this article we present the notions of Gateaux and Fréchet differentials of a multivariable function with their properties, geometric interpretation and applications to function approximations.

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