ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Madalina CALMUC, Alina ANTACHE, Valentina CALMUC, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Aurelia NICA, Victor CRISTEA, Mihaela NECULITA

Water pollution with heavy metals is a persistent and hazardous issue, due to these pollutants incapacity to decompose and their tendency to accumulate in biota. These effects extend on the aquatic ecosystems from Danube Delta, which are subjected to anthropogenic pressures, due to intensive agriculture practices, intense tourism activities and the lack of sewage systems. In the context of global warming effects, alien species are developing in the waters of Danube Delta, such as Pectinatella magnifica. The present study explores the hypostasis according to which the aforementioned bryozoan can be used as a suitable bioindicator for heavy metals pollution in Soschi Lake, Danube Delta. Samples of water, sediments and biota were collected from the study area and the following metals were analysed: cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and cobalt. The bioaccumulation factor was calculated, in order to highlight the accumulation potential of the bryozoan. The obtained values of metals concentration were compared to the national regulation related to the quality of surface waters. The following accumulation trend was identified in the bryozoan: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Co>Cd>Pb.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Ludmila VOROTYNTSEVA, Sviatoslav BALIUK, Maryna ZAKHAROVA

The life on Earth depends on the health of soils. Ukraine joined to the implementation of the European Green Deal for the ensure climate neutrality, protect soils, ecologization and improve human well-being. Soil salinity influences on the soil quality, ecosystem services, productivity and food security. The results of studying the effectiveness of over deep plowing (on 75 cm) with the manure (100t/ha) for reclamation of salt-affected chernozem ordinary are given. Such processing ensures the extraction of reserves of calcium salts from deep layers to the soil surface. This technique is called self-amelioration of saline soils. In this variant soil decompaction, improvement of water-physical properties and an increase of the humus horizon were established. The soil buffer capacity against alkalinization increased as a result of an increase of the calcium content (up to 8.3-8.7%) and the saturation of the soil absorbing complex with calcium. The content of absorbed sodium and potassium cations decreased from 6.6-7.0 to 4.3-5.2% of the total absorbed cations. The yield of crops on this variant increased on 21-38%. This agromeliorative technique had a longer effect than ameliorants.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Cătălin-Ionel CIONTU, Ilie-Cosmin CÂNTAR, Daniel-Ond TURCU, Gheorghe Florian BORLEA

The aim of the paper is to highlight the variation of the frequency and types of microhabitats on trees, in a natural beech forest, depending on different stand characteristics and site condition. The research was carried out in the "Izvoarele Nerei" Nature Reserve from Caras-Severin County, Romania, the previously announced aim being achieved by fulfilling objectives such as: identifying the types of microhabitats on trees (according classification from specialty literature) on altitudinal levels, establishing the influence of altitude on the frequency of microhabitats, identification of other stand characteristics and site conditions having an influence on the frequency of microhabitats on trees. The research was carried out on four altitudinal levels (800, 1000, 1200 and 1350 m), trees characteristics determination and microhabitats identification being carried out in sample areas of 2500 m2, two on each altitudinal level. The most frequent microhabitats were: branch rot hole (length >= 5 cm), cracks and scars (length >= 100 cm), root buttress cavities (length >= 5 cm), epiphytic lichens (coverage > 25 %), root buttress cavities (length >= 10 cm), branch rot hole (length >= 10 cm).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Aleksandr YASHIN, Yrii POLYVYANII, Julia KULIKOVA, Kirill BAXMETIEV

A vibratory oil maker to produce environmentally friendly butter is presented. A constructive scheme and design of a butter maker with a churning mechanism in the form of a flexible vibration drive (a membrane that is also the bottom of the container, which performs periodic oscillatory movements by means of a crank mechanism) has been developed, which reduces the energy intensity of churning and loss of butter due to its sticking to the churning mechanism. A force analysis is presented, in which the forces acting in the oil maker during its operation are considered and a formula is obtained for determining the power to drive the vibratory oil maker, considering the division of masses into rotational and reciprocating masses of the vibratory oil maker knocking down mechanism. The power for the drive of the vibratory oil maker was calculated considering the change in the angle of rotation of the crank φ = 0...360 degrees. The obtained values are presented as a graph of the dependence of the power on the drive on the angular velocity and radius of the crank at given angles of rotation of the crank. The maximum (peak) value of power per drive is determined - 125 W. At the same time, the energy intensity of butter churning of the vibratory oil maker was Es = 3.84 Wh/kg with a productivity of Qm = 11.25 kg/h, and the degree of use of milk fat S = 99.6%, which corresponds to the waste of fat into buttermilk 0.4% and does not exceed the requirements of GOST. The maximum (peak) value of power per drive is determined - 125 W. At the same time, the energy intensity of butter churning of the vibratory oil maker was Es = 3.84 Wh/kg with a productivity of Qm = 11.25 kg/h, and the degree of use of milk fat S = 99.6%, which corresponds to the waste of fat into buttermilk 0.4% and does not exceed the requirements of GOST. The maximum (peak) value of power per drive is determined - 125 W. At the same time, the energy intensity of butter churning of the vibratory oil maker was Es = 3.84 Wh/kg with a productivity of Qm = 11.25 kg/h, and the degree of use of milk fat S = 99.6%, which corresponds to the waste of fat into buttermilk 0.4% and does not exceed the requirements of GOST.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Taras IEVSIUKOV, Boris CHETVERIKOV, Ivan OPENKO, Ivan KOVALCHUK, Oleksandr SHEVCHENKO, Yanina STEPCHUK, Ruslan TYKHENKO, Oleksandr MAKAROV

The purpose of this paper is to elaborate of creating web-GIS of Polish burials at the Baikove Cemetery in Kyiv. Achieving this goal involves the following tasks: to develop the structure of the geographic information system, its framework and to fill the file database. For fulfilment of established tasks, a technological scheme consisting of 12 stages is offered. In the first stage, field surveys were performed to determine the coordinates of each grave of the Polish burials of the Baikove Cemetery using a GIS tablet. The total number of point coordinates was 565, which were concentrated in 7 sections of the cemetery. At the eighth stage of the technological scheme the structure of layouts of each html-page of the created online GIS was developed. In the case of the Baikove Cemetery scheme, plots with Polish burials were marked. At the tenth stage, 5 sheets of topographic plans of burials were generated. The eleventh stage is devoted to the creation and filling of a file database on Polish burials. This database contained the following structure: photo of the burial, coordinates, surname and name, years of life, additional photographs, sex of the buried person, interpreted inscription on the tombstone, as well as, if possible, detailed information and profession of the buried person, its outstanding achievements and accomplishments. At the last stage, the hyperlinks of the transition between the pages were configured and the system was tested. The scientific novelty lies in the development of the concept of joint use of various applications of geoinformation and non-geoinformation purposes. The technological scheme of creation of WEB-GIS of Polish burials of the Baikove Cemetery in Kyiv is offered. The implemented geographic information system is designed for inventory of burials, analysis of the condition of tombstones and their spatial location in the cemetery.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Paula COJOCARU, Gabriela BIALI

In this paper, we studied the effects of soil pollution with copper on the biomass production, the fractal surface of leaves and the elongation of the roots of white mustard (Sinapis alba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants. The soil used in our experiments was polluted with CuSO4·5H2O solutions in concentrations ranging from 200 mg/kg to 1200 mg/kg. Wheat was the most affected by soil pollution with copper. At the maximum concentration of pollutant in the soil, i.e., 1200 mg/kg, it did not germinate. Compared to white mustard, wheat had a lower plant biomass, i.e., between 28% and 34%, depending on the concentration of soil pollutant. Regarding the length of the roots of the two plants, there is a 50.82% difference between them at the maximum pollutant concentration applied, i.e., (1200 mg/kg), compared to the control sample. The measured fractal surface of the white mustard leaves decreased, as well as the length of the roots, as the copper concentration in the soil increased.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Corina DUMITRACHE, Constanta MIHAI, Mihai FRÎNCU

Traditionally, when growing fish, their protein and fat requirements are provided by fishmeal, fish oil, soybeans, etc. More recently, to protect biodiversity and the environment, but also to use sustainable natural resources, researchers in the field are looking for alternative ingredients that can meet the requirements of fish feed. Utilizing the nutritional potential of yeast strains creates sustainable opportunities for new sources of high-quality protein. Thus, the use of yeasts is a solution to improve the economic profitability of aquaculture, as well as to reduce the impact on the environment. This paper focuses on those studies and scientific findings on the use of yeast biomass as a source of quality protein as an alternative to fishmeal and fish oil, as well as soy derivatives in fish feed. Studies have shown that the yeast biomass used in fish feed in various rations has been shown to improve immunity, resistance to bacterial infections, and increase growth rate.

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