ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Cosmin BRAGA, Lucian DINCA, Gheorghe SPARCHEZ, Vlad CRISAN

The heterogeneity of soil temperature (Tsoil) and soil moisture (Usoil) is recognized as bearing an influence on plant communities, due to the variability of vegetation-specific resource requirements. We tested the temporal differences of heterogeneity of the soil microclimate in an even aged beech forest with four different stand age (10, 30, 80, 120 years) located in the southern part of Romania. The bimonthly measurements of Tsoil and Usoil, made over almost a year (April-December) aimed to investigate the interaction between the age of the trees and these climatic variables in the soil. Both climatic parameters were calculated for each experimental plot for each season and for the entire measurement period. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the differences between the plots with trees of different ages for the temporal variability of the soil microclimate. The temporal patterns of soil microclimate differ significantly between tree ages, being more sensitive to Usoil compared to Tsoil. The analysis of our data showed a decrease in Tsoil with the age of the tree in the spring and similar trends in the rest of the measurement periods. On the other hand, the Usoil model showed less seasonality compared to the Tsoil, probably being more receptive to the characteristics of local conditions, such as the slope of the land, the thickness of the litter layer, the porosity of the soil or the degree of closure of the forest canopy. These results can conclude that, the ability of forest at small stand ages will increase seasonal the soil microclimatic parameters (Tsoil and Usoil) at highest levels.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Bianca-Ștefania ZĂBAVĂ, Paula TUDOR, Gheorghe VOICU, Gabriel-Alexandru CONSTANTIN, Mirela-Nicoleta DINCĂ

The need to separate the solid phases from the liquid ones is probably the most common requirement for separation in the wastewater treatment process, the most common method being by gravity, called sedimentation. Sedimentation rate is an important hydrodynamic quantity for the characterization of particle motion and for the technological design of equipment used to separate heterogeneous systems through the sedimentation process. Our work aims is to determine the sedimentation rate in the case of three types of suspension consisting of water - calcium carbonate, water - soil, water - blue clay, with concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. The particle size for calcium carbonate and blue clay was 0.2 mm and that of the soil was 0.4 mm. Stokes' law was applied to determine the sedimentation rate of solid particles and the following parameters were determined: material particle density (using the pycnometer), dynamic density and viscosity of the suspension (using the Hoppler viscometer). The obtained results showed that the sedimentation rate is influenced by the concentration, size and density of solid particles, these results being correlated with the results obtained from the literature.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Adrian ROȘU, Maxim ARSENI, Bogdan ROȘU, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Catalina ITICESCU, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU

The paper aims to present the results of the influence of variation of Manning parameter in 1D water flow simulation on one of the most important channels in the Danube Delta, located in Tulcea county, Romania. The data used for the 1D simulations include water velocity, discharge, depths and was measured using the RiverSurveyor ADCP system in the summer of 2021, on the Magistral A.P. Chilia channel located in the north of the Danube Delta. The field data were collected in two measurement stations located along the Magistral A.P. Chilia channel. The uniflow cross-section model use Cross-Section Hydraulic Analyzer which is a model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. All the simulations were performed using the unidirectional water flow model for the measured cross-sections by varying the manning parameter. The variation of the Manning parameter used in the simulations was based on the information found at the time of the field measurements and used according to other study findings. The results of the study show the importance of the Manning parameter in the 1D water flow simulation on medium channels, also underline the importance of water flow simulation regarding the water level regime that can have an important effect on channel morphology and also on the biodiversity of the area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Marta Ioana MOLDOVEANU, Daniela Lucia MANEA, Elena JUMATE, Radu FECHETE, Maria Loredana ȚINȚIȘAN, Adrian Cristian SIOMIN

Nowadays we are faced on a daily basis with the idea of being involved as much as possible in assuring the wellbeing of our planet. We are striving to implement a way of thinking that would eventually be a way of life, present in the zoo-technological farms as well. Our aim is to accomplish two main goals, firstly to have a civic contribution by strengthening the 3RE principals (Recycle - Reuse - Reduce) recycling used tires, giving them a brand-new purpose. Second, we want to improve the comfort of livestock by changing the mortar screed quality, found in cattle’s stables. Optimising the Screed Mortar, we will manage to satisfy the needs of both farmers and livestock, all being an integral part of this research.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Claudiu-Sorin DRAGOMIR, Daniela DOBRE, Iolanda-Gabriela CRAIFALEANU, Emil-Sever GEORGESCU

The paper presents the current level in the development of an integrated system to ensure the security of the built space, with semi-automatic generation of PGA maps from seismic actions or other vibrating sources and rapid assessment of the vulnerability of instrumented/monitored buildings. The integrated and automated system is an essential step for the early detection of damage to future earthquakes. As performance benchmarks are listed: identification and acquisition of specialized software, an instrumentation campaign of public utility buildings belonging to NIRDs at national level, some case studies. The obtained results are transferable and of special technical and legal importance, the elaborated documents representing the basis for the Technical Book, and the archived data constituting initial records for the future data obtained after a major earthquake. Finding a reliable solution for a quick analysis after an earthquake, by generating a report with the dynamic parameters of the monitored buildings behaviour, is a challenge of a strategic and logistical nature, of acquisition, storage and continuous processing of data, elaboration of analytical models for validation, in context of digital approach for structural engineering.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Emil DIACONU

The subject dealt with in this paper is a sensitive one due to the energy crisis whose presence is already felt and which will certainly deepen with the approach of the cold season. The current work represents only the first part of a study related to the analysis of the current state of the energy market and system services and will be continued with a second work that will propose a solution in cogeneration to counterbalance the system problems we are facing. Thus, the subject discussed is not that of energy production for domestic and industrial consumers, but that of the production necessary for the optimal functioning of the National Energy System (NES). Of course, from the point of view of the environmental protection all the electrical energy, even that required for system services, should be 100% produced from renewable energy.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Mihaela TIMOFTI, Adriana Magdalena PIENARU

The circular economy approach has an increasing interest in water reuse, reclaimed water, or recycled wastewater in connection to water scarcity concerns and increased water demands by all sectors. Given pollution and degraded ecosystems, inequity, and low numbers or, in some cases, the lack of a sustainable urban drinking water and sewerage service, in response to the closure of the water loop and to extend the life of water resources, consider water reuse, with economic costs, social and environmental benefits. Circular economy initiatives can also help attract the private sector by creating new business models, adding new funding sources. The European Union policy identifies the use of treated wastewater as one potential solution to water scarcity. The International Water Association (IWA) developed the 5Rs approach to water management – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Restore and Recover – for companies to consider and adopt as common practice. This paper explores the relationship between the principles of the circular economy and sustainable water management, identifying the opportunities that are offered through applying these principles to water systems in Romania.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Emil DIACONU

The current work represents the continuation of a two-part study regarding the analysis of the energy market and system services in Romanian environmental protection as well as the role of cogeneration in countering the problems in the national energy system. This article presents the solution of a cogeneration plant and its usefulness in the national energy grid. As it is expected, the solution has to be environmentally friendly and as efficient as possible, and at the same time, taking into consideration the area where it will be installed so that the thermal energy produced can be efficiently exploited.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Bogdan ROȘU, Adrian ROȘU, Maxim ARSENI, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Catalina ITICESCU, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU

Wastewater treatment plants with activated sludge behave like a filter to protect the aquatic environment and also the health of those who use and consume the water. These treatment plants are used to remove nutrients from wastewater, such as nitrogen, that can have a great impact on the evolution of the aquatic ecosystem if we consider the eutrophication process that is intensified worldwide due to agriculture and other industrial activities. In this study, a wastewater treatment plant model called Benchmark Simulation Model No.2 (BSM2) was used to regulate ammonium and nitrate concentrations by implementing a control strategy. The strategy optimization was performed by applying the relaxation method. The reference data considered are the results of the simulation with the BSM2's base control strategy in a closed loop. Also, the data obtained in the first attempt of optimizing the treatment plant were considered. This study aims to identify if the optimization of the simulated wastewater treatment plant can improve the effluent quality thus reducing the risk of aquatic environment pollution with nutrients.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Bianca-Denisa CHEREJI, Florentina-Daniela MUNTEANU

The present study focuses on the impact of sheeps’ wool on the environment if it becomes waste. Wool is a keratin-rich by-product that is resistant to degradation, and appropriate management plans for this type of waste should be carefully considered. Some studies consider hydrolyzation of wool, but these processes are implying the use of harsh chemicals for the environment. Therefore, different methods for the valorization of wool waste refer to composting, obtaining fertilizers for using them in agriculture, producing cosmetics, or for thermally-isolating of houses. Special attention is paid to the extraction of keratin from wool, as this is the most valuable by-product resulting from the process of sheep shearing.

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