ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Radu OPREA

Agriculture plays a strategic role in all countries, as it is the main sector responsible for food security of the population, while also making a special contribution to the overall process of sustainable economic development and environmental protection. Land improvement works, in all the states of the world, have a very important contribution in the food supply of the population. Despite the special agricultural potential of the lands in the meadow and terraces of the River Moldova, arranged with surface and subsurface drainage works, the deficient organization of this sector, after 1991, by the increased fragmentation of the agricultural lands, the exploitation on small plots located improperly compared to the network of absorbent channels and drains, the lack of advanced agricultural technologies, led to the practice of a subsistence agriculture, depending on the weather conditions. The modeling of the land inconsistent with the position of the absorbent drains and the network of canals favoured the stagnation of water in ditches and micro-depressions, the prolongation of excess moisture, which led to delays and improper performance of soil works and, implicitly, to low yields.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Dragos DRACEA, Augustina TRONAC, Sebastian MUSTATA

Wastewater treatment plants are designed for input data considered constant and are checked for maximum values according to the imposed loads. During operation, the values of flows and loads at the wastewater treatment plant entrance point change within wide limits. In order to achieve the treatment efficiency, exploitation measures are adopted to ensure the water discharge within the legal admissible limits. These safety measures involve additional operating costs or risk in discharging water with quality indicators not allowed compared to those required by current legislation. Technological adjustment mechanisms must be provided in the design and operation stages. The present paper highlights a procedure for technological processes regulating when occurs significant loads variation at the wastewater treatment plant entrance point and demonstrates its importance.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Radu Cristian TOMA, Camelia Filofteia DIGUȚĂ, Oana Alina BOIU-SICUIA, Mihai FRÎNCU, Călina Petruța CORNEA

Defining and delimiting the notion of biotechnology is becoming increasingly complicated, as this field is connecting various branches of science and technology. Biotechnology advances are inextricably linked to the successes of bioengineering, as well as the development and implementation of equipment and means to control these processes. The present paper aims to create a real time monitoring system for bacteral endophytes production carried out in the bioreactor. The advantage of this application allows not only locally monitoring of the process but also via INTERNET. The practical applicability of this system should be mentioned due to the effective possibility of using the bioreactor monitoring program in the educational process. Therefore, developing a software application for remote and real-time monitoring the technological process at bioreactor level is a central point of a virtual laboratory, an important element in achieving a quality educational process in the current pandemic context, a framework that has led to an increased need of digitization processes in all sectors of society.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Cristinel CONSTANDACHE, Ciprian TUDOR, Laurenţiu POPOVICI, Lucian DINCĂ

The surface of the stands affected by drying, located in the meadows of the inland rivers is in continuous growing due to the modification of the hydrological parameters under abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors. The forest species frequently used in the past (1970-1990) for afforestation were the hybrid black poplars or the selected willows. Currently, they are less used, due to the change of environmental conditions but also by including them in protected areas, for the detriment of native species. In the paper, are presented data regarding on the characteristics of the stands affected by drying located in research plots from Buzău and Lower Siret meadows. The results bring the environmental potential of the lands by restoration of the affected stands from forest-steppe areas using adequate species adapted to resist on different types of soils, being able to face the new ecotope conditions. The ecological reconstruction of these stands is an urgent need and is the only way to maintain the ecological balance, biodiversity and, at the same time, to capitalize on these categories of land unsuitable for other destinations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Vitaliy DYSHLYUK

Sewage sludge (50-52% moisture) of a large regional city in the western part of Ukraine is characterized by a complex of agronomically valuable traits, but their direct incorporation into the soil as a non-traditional organic fertilizer is ecologically impractical due to a number of unfavorable factors, therefore, they should be processed into quality fertilizers of the new generation. The composition of complex organo-mineral fertilizers based on sewage sludge with mineral additives of different origin is developed and new three- and two-component organo-mineral fertilizers of prolonged action for multi-purpose use are obtained. In a field experiment (2017-2019) with a comparative study of the effectiveness of different types of fertilizers in the fodder crop rotation, it was found that new organo-mineral fertilizers with the main application in optimal doses on light gray forest soil in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine had the same effect in the year of action and aftereffects as traditional and non-traditional organic fertilizers, as well as complete mineral fertilizers (in equivalent doses), and allow with a single application of the first crop rotation crop to grow the second and third crops without fertilizers 110% and 45% according to the control without fertilizers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Elena MIHĂILĂ, DORINA DRĂGAN, CRISTIANA MARCU, CORNEL COSTĂCHESCU, FLORIN DĂNESCU, FLORIN DORIAN COJOACĂ

Forest shelterbelts are the most widespread and efficient type of agroforestry system in Romania used for the crops protection. Following the contracts signed with the Ministry of Agriculture between 2005-2006, substantiation studies for the establishment of forest shelterbelts were carried out for seven counties from Romanian Plain and Dobrogea. At different stages of the Nucleus Program, funded by the Ministry of Research, in the period 2011-2021 studies were conducted to substantiate the need of realisation of forest shelterbelts to protect the field in other nine counties located in the mentioned area. The aim of these studies was to establish: the land areas occupied by the forest shelterbelts; the network of forest shelterbelts using GIS techniques, current rectified aerial images and detailed pedological maps; the afforestation compositions; the number of forest seedlings and to estimate the costs necessary for their installation and maintenance, until the canopy is close. For practical reasons, it was established that the width of the curtains should be 10 m, thus resulting in a percentage of occupation of the agricultural land with forest vegetation of approximately 2%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Marcel RUSCĂ, Levente DIMEN, Liviu MĂRCUȚĂ

Currently, the level of air pollution, especially in big cities, is above the allowed limits and this affects the health of the inhabitants and the environment. High levels of air pollution can cause a few respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Based on these considerations, we draw attention to the major importance of research in the field of pollution, finding solutions to improve and minimize the negative effects of air pollution in general on the planet. Greater attention needs to be paid to actions to identify the sources of air pollution and its chemical composition, as well as to establish measures to monitor and improve the quality of the atmosphere. It is known that the level of air quality is influenced by the level of pollutant emissions. In the air we breathe, these emissions come from both stationary and mobile sources of pollution. Mainly road traffic, but also heating installations that use fossil fuels are the main suppliers of polluting emissions. The rapid evolution of technology, as well as fierce competition from car manufacturers, is having an increasing impact on global consumption trends, and in the coming years, until 2025, several major changes are announced. Carbon dioxide emissions are expected to decrease due to fuel efficiency and the use of ultra-efficient hybrid cars. It is estimated that by 2025, almost a third of the car's carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced, so a natural question about the resource consumption of these cars will be higher or lower. Europe is made up of 50 states, in 31 of which natural gas, compressed or liquefied, is used as fuel for light or heavy commercial vehicles. According to studies carried out by the European Environment Agency, it has been concluded that the change in pollutant emissions is directly related to the speed of traffic. Thus, the carbon emissions increase 1.5 - 2 times during the acceleration / braking cycles and up to 25 times in the case of idling and the concentration of the emission of noxious substances increases in proportion to the speed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Oleksandr MYTSYK, Mykola KHARYTONOV, Natalia HONCHAR, Oleksandr HAVRYUSHENKO, Mykhailo BABENKO, Svitlana LEMISHKO

The lands disturbed by iron open pit mining are undergoing a long process of restoration. It is possible to create special-purpose lands in manmade landscapes by varying the thickness of the bulk layer of the black soil mass. The thickness of the applied soil layer on rocks or their mixtures is determined by the genetic parameters of zonal soils, the physical and biological properties of the soil mass, the soil excavation technology, and the adaptive potential of cultivated crops. The potential fertility of the same soil layer of the main mass of the first transitional horizon is 69%, the second transitional horizon is 38%. The mixing of soil masses of the humus and the first transitional horizons (Н+Нр) forms the fertility at the level of 90%, the three-humus horizons (H+Hp+Phk) - 72% of the fertility of the humus horizon. The activity of two enzymes is higher in mixtures of genetic horizons than in transitional horizons, but lower than in the humus horizon. The yield of cultivated crops largely depends on the thickness of the bulk layer of soil mass, on the contribution of mineral fertilizers. The optimal thickness of the bulk layer should correspond to 50 cm.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Diana-Nicoleta MINZALA, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Alina ANTACHE, Victor CRISTEA, Anca-Nicoleta SAVESCU

Environmental pollution is a worldwide problem and heavy metals (HM) constitute one of the most important challenges. Due to industrialization and urbanization, Black Sea is considered as one of the most polluted seas in the world. The aim of the current study is to provide a state-of-the-art review related to the evaluation of potentially toxic elements in fishery resources from Black Sea. As a result, various data sources were revised and the appropriate information was centralized in order to acquire a clear sight on concentrations dynamics and accumulation tendency of the most hazardous HM and metalloids, as it follows: Ni, Cd, Zn, Hg, Fe, As, Cr and Pb. Accordingly, the aforementioned multitude of chemical pollutants bio-accumulates in fishery resources and are being a particular concern in relation to their harmful effects on human health.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Lucian DINCĂ

Field elm is a tree species widespread in many areas from Europe, including the Moldavian Plain. Due to its multiple qualities, field elm represents a valuable wood resource even though it has a reduced areal. The present article describes the environment and stand conditions for this species in the Moldavian Plain and is based on an inventory of all stand elements from this area that were extracted from forest management plans dating from the last decades. Field elm is present in all forest districts from the Moldavian Plain, occupying a total surface of 369 ha. From an altitudinal perspective, the species is widespread from 25 m up to 440 m. The largest percentage is found between 100 and 200 m. The stands’ age ranges between 5 and 100 years, with the largest percentage at 21-40 years. The stands have an average productivity, a relatively even-aged structure and a crown density of 0.8-0.9 with a current average growth of 0.5-0.7 m3/ha. The characteristic soils are cambic chernozem and stagnic luvisol, while the forest types are represented by tug forests and tug holm.

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