ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Gabriela BIALI, Paula COJOCARU

This paper presents a study on the use of GIS technology in determining the leakage caused by water erosion in a river basin of 370 ha. The research presented in this paper is carried out in the Sulita hydrographic basin from Botosani County. The main objective is represented by the spatial analysis of the processes that take place in the hydrological system and of the physical-geographical factors that determine their variability. This GIS system developed under ArcGIS 9.2 can be considered a basic research in structuring a hydrological GIS and in creating an appropriate geospatial database. The approached method is based on the digital analysis of the terrain, determining the morphometric parameters and the hydrological parameters. Using the ArcGIS 9.2 software, the calculation of slopes and directions is done at the pixel level, in a 3x3 pixel window, on all 8 directions from the central pixel to the neighborhoods. The important part of the paper is the determination of the parameter called flow accumulation, which in the study of water erosion, that indicates the way in which the actual flow is carried out on the slopes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Violina ANGELOVA

This study investigated the heavy metal concentrations and chemical compositions of the essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae), growing on serpentine soils in the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains, Bulgaria. Elevated Ni content in soils does not affect the development of Juniperus oxycedrus L. and the quality and quantity of oil obtained from it. Sixty components representing 98.10-98.92% of the total oil were identified. The major compounds were determined limonene (12.10-13-84%), γ-himachalene (7.47-12.58%), manoyl oxide (6.60-12.80%), α-pinene (6.41-8.78%), dibutyl phthalate (1.48-8.14%), δ-cadinene (2.93-6.33%), γ-cadinene (3.64-5.00%), β-bisabolene (2.98-4.29%) in needles oil. The Juniperus oxycedrus L. can be considered as “excluder plant,” containing relatively low metal concentrations in the needles even in cases of high elemental concentrations in the soils. Metal concentrations for toxic elements in plants and oils were below the permissible limits for pharmaceutical purposes. Therefore, Juniperus oxycedrus L. found on serpentine soils is recommended to be collected for pharmaceutical purposes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Madalina CALMUC, Valentina Andreea CALMUC, Maxim ARSENI, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Alina ANTACHE, Constantin APETREI, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU, Catalina ITICESCU

Excessive production and use of plastic materials, followed by the mismanagement of plastic waste have favoured the increase of plastic particles occurrence in aquatic ecosystems. Ingestion of plastic fragments (especially micro- and nanoplastics) by aquatic fauna can lead to various diseases and disorders, which is why monitoring of plastics presence in the aquatic environment is vital. To identify the presence of plastic particles in environmental samples, several methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, microscopy, thermal extraction desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry have been applied in the literature. In the present paper, attenuated total reflectance - FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify and characterize plastics debris found in the Lower Danube water, near the Galati City. Plastic particles collected had different shapes (i.e fragments, films, granules) and colours (blue, red, colourless). Based on infrared spectra obtained, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were the main polymers identified in the collected samples.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Constanta MIHAI, Mihai FRÎNCU, Corina DUMITRACHE

Due to their diversity and versatility, yeasts are considered of current industrial interest, as they can easily cover a wide range of industrial applications such as baker's yeast, brewer's yeast, nutritional yeast, distillation yeast, wine yeast or probiotic yeast. The purpose of this article is to isolate and characterize new barley yeast strains to obtain yeast biomass for the development of new fish feed recipes. Using the technique of decimal dilutions and inoculation by the “lawn” technique on DRBC Agar medium, the isolated strains were tested specifically to identify they’re taxonomically. Colonies considered representative of a particular species or genus were isolated in pure culture and maintained on YPD Agar culture medium and cryopreserved in 20% glycerol at -20°C. 11 yeast strains belonging to the genera Saccharomyces, Candida, Cryptococcus, Torulaspora, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia, etc. were isolated. Further research will focus on the use of isolated strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed with strains of other non-Saccharmomyces to obtain yeast biomass as a potential source for fish feed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Tiberiu Mihai KALMAR, Marcel DÎRJA, Adrian Traian Gh.M. RĂDULESCU, Petru Daniel MĂRAN, Virgil Mihai Gh.M. RĂDULESCU, Corina M. RĂDULESCU, Gheorghe M.T. RĂDULESCU, Mihai HERBEI

The international cross-border project GeoSES-Extension of the operational "Space Emergency System" towards monitoring of dangerous natural and man-made geo-processes in the HU-SK-RO-UA cross-border region HUSKROUA 1702 /8.1. / 0065 was included in Thematic objective 8. TO - Common challenges in the field of safety and security, Program priority 8.1 Support to joint activities for the prevention of natural and man-made disasters as well as joint action during emergency situations of the HUSKROUA ENI CBC Program 2014-2020. Technical University of Cluj Napoca was one of the participants in the project together with the Project Leader Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine and Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Budapest University of Technology and Ecomomics, Self-government of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County. The overall objective of the project is geo-monitoring of natural and man-made processes in the cross-border territory with the aim of preventing emergency situations. The project specific objectives are the following: 1. Reduction of the risks of natural disasters by means of geomonitoring of dangerous landslide and mudflow processes in the valley of the Tisza River; 2. Forecasting the occurrence of heavy rainstorms in cross-boundary areas with the aim of preventing unexpected river floods, 3. Development of a joint innovation strategy for preventing ecological disasters and adopting to change climate in the Carpathian Region. Located at the foot of Solovan Hill, Sighetu Marmației was subjected to numerous landslides. In these conditions, the role of the Romanian partner in the project was to monitor this situation, operations carried out both globally, for the entire municipal territory and neighborhoods and privately through six locations chosen both due to the gravity of events over time and the fact that these landslides had different causes. The paper presents the GIS mechanisms used to generate the landslide risk analysis.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Iulian NICHERSU, Costel NEGREI, Oliver LIVANOV, Edward BRATFANOF, Dragoș BALAICAN

Following Parliament's call in January 2020 to set binding targets for saving biodiversity, in May 2020 the European Commission presented the new 2030 Biodiversity Strategy. At its June 2021 plenary session, Parliament adopted a position on the EU's 2030 Biodiversity Strategy: Bringing Nature back into our lives to ensure that the world's ecosystems are protected, restored, and resilient by 2050. Parliament wants the EU to become a leader, guaranteeing that 30% of its territory will be in natural areas by 2030 and taking biodiversity into account in all its policies. Climate change is one of the most important threats to humanity and it will increasingly matter how we manage our existence and development. Climate stabilization, as provided for in the Paris Agreement, requires mitigation and adaptation measures to reduce the impact of climate change and increase the resilience of essential ecosystem services. In the wetland environment, the degradation and loss of wet habitats, especially carbon-capturing ecosystems, results in an unprecedented loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Blue carbon is the carbon stored in wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems, which represent significant carbon sinks. Indeed, they sequester carbon in its organic form and store it for thousands of years. Moreover, “blue carbon” ecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services that underpin livelihoods and support adaptation to climate change. However, despite the importance of the ecosystem services provided, these habitats are disappearing at an alarming rate.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Gabi-Mirela MATEI, Sorin MATEI, Monica DUMITRAȘCU

Agriculture with High Natural Value (HNV) is a new concept, develped in the last two decades to describe those agricultural systems in Europa owing the widest biodiversity. Its main characteristics are the low intensity and the presence of semi-natural vegetation. Romania has one of the most important resource of areas classified as HNV due to the great variety of species associated to agricultural land utilised as permanent meadows, by traditional mowing and grazing activities. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research carried out to evaluate the biodiversity of microbial communities in three soils under traditional management of HNV pastures (Vicovu de Jos, Comănești) and natural meadow (Valea Moldovei), Suceava county. The total counts and species of bacteria and fungi (estimated by dilution plate), soil respiration (by substrate-induced respiration method), diversity index of Shannon (H) and similarity index between habitats were calculated and presented as Venn diagram. Biodiversity of microbial communities consists in 6 to 9 species with important roles in main processes in plant rhizosphere, soil organic matter recycling, cellulose decomposition, soil aggregation, biocontrol.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Oleksandr CHUMACHENKO, Ivan OPENKO, Yevheniia KRYVOVIAZ, Oleksiy ZHUK

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the calculation of gross domestic product (GDP) by the production method which is based on gross value added by type of economic activity. The dynamics of indicators that determine the directions of state economic policy is studied. Multi-vector use of GDP, creates a basis for financial support from the IMF, the Maastricht convergence criteria, the forecast of public defense spending. Assessing the contribution of each type of economic activity and each institutional sector of the economy to the creation of GDP, the study identified the following types of economic activity: agriculture; forestry; industry; construction; trade, transport; IT field; financial and insurance activities; scientific and technical, administrative activities; public administration, defense, education, health care and social services; other services (taxes, arts, entertainment and recreation). An important stage of the study was to find the relationships between economic indicators of profitability (average GDP per unit area) and the use of land resources, considering the institutional sectors of the economy. The analysis shows the level of dependence of the income of a particular sector of the economy on the area of land use involved in the formation of national economic benefits. Dependences of profitability of economic sectors on land resource potential are revealed. It is established that to ensure high economic indicators (GDP indicators), it is necessary to develop economic sectors that have a significant impact on the formation of national wealth.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Roxana-Gabriela POPA, Emil-Cătălin ȘCHIOPU, Irina-Ramona PECINGINĂ

The Danish company Premium Porc Group is the second largest producer of pork on the local market, the production activity being carried out in the 12 pig farms in Vrancea, Brăila, Constanta, Olt, Sibiu, and Brasov and since 2013 also within the Negreni farm in Olt County. The two lagoons for the storage and biological treatment of the liquid dejections have the bottoms and the soles waterproofed with geotextile membrane, and, to prevent the distribution of odours in the village, the dejections stored in these two ponds are permanently covered with a waterproof membrane. The solid dejections storage platform is located at a distance of 35 m from the two liquid dejections storage lagoons. To highlight how the activity of rearing and production of swine within Premium Porc Negreni Company from Olt County affects the quality of environmental factors, samples of air, rain water and groundwater were collected during 2018-2020 and subjected to analysis. The following quality indicators were analysed and monitored: NH3 and H2S emission (long-lasting 24 h and short-term 30-minute averages), pollutant emissions from combustion gases from the natural gas thermal power plant (particulate, CO, NO2 and SO2) and the noise in the air; pH, total suspended particulates (TSM) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (THP) from meteoric/pluvial water discharged into the Negrișoara stream; pH, nitrites and nitrates species in groundwater.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Constanta MIHAI, Bogdan ERGHELEGIU, Cosmin Constantin NIȚU, Cristina-Elena MIHALACHE

Water is the most valuable natural resource and the protection of its quality is necessary. Water is a unique vital resource, without which life as we know it could not exist. Water is also a transport corridor and a very efficient climate regulator. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of physicochemical indicators on water quality of Herăstrău Lake from Bucharest. Water samples were taken bi-monthly, from 2015 to 2020, 12 samples from each point and were monitoring 8 parameters, in order to design a monitoring network. Physicochemical analyzes of water samples are performed according to standardized methods. The analyzed parameters are: pH, EC, NTU, DO, BOD, COC-Mn, the concentration of nitrites and nitrates by spectrophotometry. Following the statistical analysis, a significant difference was found between the values of the studied parameters, and their correlation was verified by determining some regression functions. The results of the analyzes obtained can be used to generate thematic models on water quality monitoring and management to improve and protect biodiversity and quality of life.

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