ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Ștefan Florin BĂLAN, Bogdan Felix APOSTOL, Alexandru ȚIGĂNESCU

The paper presents the seismic monitoring network of the TURNKey Project (Towards more Earthquake-resilient Urban Societies through a Multi-sensor-based Information System enabling Earthquake Forecasting, Early Warning and Rapid Response Actions) in Bucharest. TURNkey aims to contribute to the mitigation of earthquake risks through European and global scientific collaborations. To reach its objectives the project brings together a strong multi-disciplinary team of experts (geophysicists/seismologists, geologists, engineers, disaster risk managers and sociologists) from 21 partner institutions covering 10 European countries. “Testbed 1” (Bucharest) is described in the paper, with its five monitored locations and the deployed seismic sensors and GNSS. The choice of monitored buildings is based upon the characteristics of the design code used in their construction. The paper considers the possible influence of local conditions at the sites of the monitored buildings.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Alina ANTACHE, Valentina CALMUC, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Madalina CALMUC, Aurelia NICA, Dragos CRISTEA, Mihaela NECULITA

In the last time, pharmaceutical residues have been discovered in almost all environmental matrices in the world, especially in surface water (lakes, rivers, seawater). The consumption of medicinal products contributes to the emission of pharmaceutical residues into the environment mainly through human (hospital effluents) and farm animal excretions. Once pharmaceutical residues reach in surface water, they also become incorporated into aquatic organism having a toxic effect on them. The biochemical response is dependent by the level of concentration and by the exposure time which largely contributes to the appearance of oxidative stress due to changes in the levels of antioxidant enzymes. In fish, due to detoxification and biotransformation capacity, the liver is the most important metabolizing organ, thus, one of the main defences against pharmaceutical residues. Analysis of biochemical indicators includes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In the near future, the development of "green" and eco-friendly pharmaceuticals with low persistence in water surface, bioaccumulation and toxicity could help minimize accumulation in the aquatic environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Ilie-Cosmin CÂNTAR, Cătălin-Ionel CIONTU

From thinning to regeneration works, stand management works, can only be applied through logging, which become a vector of maintaining biodiversity through forest regeneration, but also a vector of reducing it, through the damage it causes to forest ecosystem and to seedlings. This paper analyzes the impact of logging works on the seedlings and its biodiversity in 96 sample plots located in 24 wood harvesting sites in southwestern Romania (8 logging sites for each relief form). The impact of logging works on the seedlings was studied by analyzing the evolution of seedlings damages and the impact of these damages on their further development, but also by analyzing the composition of the installed seedlings and comparing it with the composition of the exploited tree. The highest degree of seedling damage was recorded at final cuttings. The most accelerated seedling healing pattern was recorded for barkings. We have observed a maintaining diversity of species after logging that can lead, to a stable diversity of the species from the stand. The obtained results were discussed and compared with other researches in the field, highlighting the most important aspects observed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Maxim ARSENI, Adrian ROȘU, Stefan Mihai PETREA, Madalina CALMUC, Bogdan ROȘU, Daniel-Eduard CONSTANTIN, Catalina ITICESCU, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU

Ecological restoration in the Reservation of Danube Delta Biosphere is a method of sustainable development of nature and local communities, for the medium and long term. The topography and structural variety of bed channels influence the hydraulic network and ecological restoration processes. To understand the general comportment of ecological restoration processes it is important to survey the channel from a bathymetric and topographic point of view. Modeling the ecological restoration processes commonly includes measures of water level, discharge, and velocity of channel transect. The present study aims to collect and analyze the topo-bathymetric survey data obtained for two periods for the channel Ivancea and Cordon Litoral, from the Reservation of Danube Delta Biosphere. This area was come under an ecological restoration phase by dredging it. The first survey expedition was made before the dredging (august 2021), and the last expedition was made after the dredging (after august 2021). The result shows that the use of modern method and equipment for the survey, ensure the highest accuracy for water circulation system data analysis. The data analysis highlights that ecological restoration increases the discharge and the water velocity. In conclusion, the dredging process is important for ecological restoration, in the context of deltaic systems. Also, the time-to-time monitoring of this process, let us understand the sedimentation rate, and how it influences the hydraulics overall.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Lucica DOBRE, Dorina Nicoleta MOCUŢA

Agriculture, as the basic branch of the economy and as biological branch of the material production, is an economic sector of national priority. We aim to capture aspects related to risk management in agriculture, in the dynamics determined by the lack of coherent agrarian, economic, social, unitary policies, complementary to the reality on the spot, and to facilitate the merger of agricultural lands in Romania. Through a comparative analysis, we show the perspective of specific Romanian trends, leading to perpetuation and development of several major risks with a significant impact on the performance of Romanian agriculture, as well on the quality of life in rural areas. Is there a pattern that leads to an inertia of agricultural activities? How can the negative effects can be overcome? What needs to be changed in order to generate performance and economic progress in agriculture? The methodology used is based on NIS, Eurostat results, documenting broader perspectives described in specialized literature through which we illustrate the general picture of the quality of Romanian agriculture, namely the merging of agricultural lands.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Sorin MATEI, Gabi-Mirela MATEI, Elena Maria DRĂGHICI

Microorganisms are involved in biosynthesis of the exogenous compounds with role in the dynamics of edaphic processes. A variety of such biosynthesized exometabolites, such as enzymes, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins, can be released into the soil, where they undergo biochemical interactions, form precursors involved in the synthesis of complex polymers and in determining a priming effect of biogeochemical processes. The research focused on the influence induced by humic precursors, extracted from the previously selected C1-C4 consortia, on the dynamics of bioprocesses in two soil types (Albic Luvisol and Fluvisols), respectively on enzymatic activities, biomass evolution, soil respiration and nitrifying microflora. Exometabolites from the C4 consortium showed the greatest diversity and complexity as humic-like precursors, followed by those the C3 consortium. In Albic Luvisol, the qualitative differences induced by precursors from consortia are well highlighted in the fulvic acid (FA) chromatograms. Enzymatic activity, DNA content, biomass and potential respiration level were influenced differently by the precursors in the C1-C4 consortia. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes for phenols and polysaccharides showed the influence of precursors on edaphic bioprocesses, in close correlation with soil type.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Gabriela DAMIAN (DORIN), Claudiu PRICOP, Florian STĂTESCU

This paper presents the results of a hydrological simulation using HEC-RAS model within the Bahlueț river basin. In this study, the basin was modelled from the headwaters to the Târgu Frumos hydrometric station. 6 date profiles were processed between the source and Târgu Frumos hydrometric station. Precipitations were measured directly at the 2 stations considered, Cârjoaia and Târgu Frumos. Data recorded by rainfall stations over 3 days, in May 2021, were taken into account for hydrological modelling. Values reach up to 175 mm/h were recorded during the rain. At the Târgu Frumos station were recorded rainfall values of 12 mm/h, which proves the heterogeneity of the rain. Also, it is observed that the rain starts in Târgu Frumos around 16:00, stopping around 18:00. The rain continues measured at the Cârjoaia rainfall station from 18:40, with values of 175 mm/h being recorded. The data recorded at both rainfall stations shows that the river basin is subject to a variable rainfall in space and time.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Florina VOICU, George Emanuel VOICU

The extraordinary complexity of the natural setting, the excellent geographical position, the diversity of landforms, the multitude of tourist resources resulting from human creations (cultural, historical, technical, economic, etc.) within the Șureanu Massif are favorable conditions for tourism development. The uneven distribution of the elements of the tourist potential has determined the creation of tourist concentrations with an easily observable territorial distribution: the natural tourist potential is found mainly in the central, less anthropized part of the massif, where it abounds in various tourist objectives. As we move away from the high central area and approach the hearth of the meadow settlements, the spectacular relief decreases, the natural tourist elements being replaced by the anthropic tourist potential, consisting of unique anthropic buildings, of a special beauty. The diversity of resources with tourist attractiveness was the basis for the development of a varied mountain tourism (winter sports, speotourism, weekend tourism, adventure tourism, integrated tourism, cultural tourism, etc.).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Cornel Cristian TEREŞNEU

This paper aims to highlight the advantages of using Geographical Information Systems in the complicated problems of forest land retrocessions. The study is focused on an area of about 400 hectares in Poiana Mărului, Brașov county. This forested area has been identified on the appropriate forestry map, measured in the presence of landowners using two Trimble GPS receivers and parcel plans were created, in order to be sent to OCPI Brașov for approval. Sensible issues hindering the successful completion of this operation were evidenced, with four categories of problems being identified. Each category involves a number of situations which were individually analyzed. Besides the technical and judicial knowledge necessary in find the optimal solutions, the benefits offered by Geographical Information Systems are presented, benefits which give specialists significant opportunities to identify critical issues and make overall verifications. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is that this modern instrument can be successfully used even in projects of this nature.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XI
Written by Emil DIACONU

The air quality applications and also the industrial ones require a series of strict characteristics when we talk about the precision and endurance of the hardware and software elements involved in the work processes. A series of big firms have asserted in time on this section of market, clutching the industrial parks in their technological facilities. But, as the technologies developed, it has emerged a series of advanced possibilities of professional manufacturing regarding electrical assembly and boxes for the packaging of the hardware devices. This allows small producers or even amateurs, to benefit from the advantages of PCB technologies, which can aid in the innovation and forthcoming of super-performant gadgets on the market. These can compete with similar products developed by the big firms previously mentioned. In the gadget category have come in sight a series of very precise sensors which can rise to the industrial quality level, and, in this case, a normal question arises: why not integrate these low-cost sensors in the industrial applications? For that purpose, I have suggested a comparative analysis between two sensors of air, useful in the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) and air quality field, one of them being manufactured by a specialized producer and the other one a gadget manufactured by a small firm which has build-up its own device for measuring the speed of the air and integrated it in its own portfolio of clients with notable results. The sensor of the specialized producer is approximately nine times bigger than the gadget category, which is why it has turned to a profound comparative analysis.

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