ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Gabriela BANADUC, Cornelia BAERA, Anca DRAGHICI

The paper aims to characterize the urban - rural areas relationship in the context of actual urbanization effects. Cities are marked by several social inequalities. These polarized opportunities of the urban environment which are often mirrored in contrast to the rural environment, as patterns of inequality in cities vs rural localities are considerable and generally more widespread. Facing these challenges, accompanied by the determining phenomena of the rapid growth of the urban population, led to extensive debates that had a significant impact on the local development strategy. Thus, a strong movement was generated to reach the clean natural environment, which is called the urban paradox. In the current research, the complex phenomenon of urbanization will be approached from three perspectives: (1) the capacity of cities to open up for including rural landscape as an opportunity to expand sustainable infrastructure; (2) the government ability to promote greener, more sustainable living; (3) the ability to share and provide all urban and rural residents with access to a more sustainable environment (related to the Sustainable Development Goals).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Claudia Alice CRIȘAN, Horațiu VERMEȘAN

Hazardous waste management is one of the problems our society is facing today. Expired drugs are a type of waste that is not reused in any way, but rather incinerated to be disposed of. These drugs have been proven to act as corrosion inhibitors for different metals and in different corrosive solutions. They are a good alternative to the synthetic inhibitors the industry uses today, due to their environmental friendliness, good corrosion inhibitor efficiency and economic advantages. The present research focuses on expired drugs as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in concentrated sulfuric acid solution and characterize their inhibitive performance through weight loss measurements, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) spectra, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The drug proved to be effective environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, being a possible way of recycling expired drugs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Levente DIMEN, Silvia Alexandra DREGHICI, Tudor BORȘAN

More than 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by water bodies. The underwater relief is very diverse, from continental shelf to deepest trenches and is mostly insufficient known. Water bodies play an important role for our planet and human life, mainly because of helping to regulate the mass and energy transfer between Earth’s layers, being source of food and supporting transportation. Due to the high importance of the water bodies, a better knowledge of the water bodies depths and protecting the underwater environment are vital. Though reaching the seabed for exploration could be difficult, modern technologies based on acoustic, optical or radio methods and bathymetric equipment allows hydrographic surveying in order to study the underwater relief. Therefore, strategies concerning climate change, reducing water pollution and environmental negative impact could be elaborated, ensuring sustainability.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Ana Bianca PAVEL, Florin DUTU, Gabriel IORDACHE, Catalina GAVRILA, Irina CATIANIS, Laura DUTU

The Sulina Branch, situated in the Delta's midpoint, features a distinct straight course requiring continuous dredging for maritime navigation. Stretching 71 km, it conveys 18% of the Romanian lower sector of Danube's water and historically served as a pivotal fluvial transport route, despite navigational challenges posed by sinuosities. It underwent a significant transformation that shortened it by 21.2 km (25.30%), converting it into a nearly straight navigable canal. This led to adverse effects like benthic habitat destruction, increased turbidity, and altered flooding patterns, impacting local ichthyofauna and avifauna. Navigation along the now straight Sulina Branch faced disruptions from sediment shoals at the mouth, due to the synergistic action of fluvial and coastal currents. In spring and autumn 2023, we measured physico-chemical parameters at 30 stations along Sulina Branch and adjacent Meanders, correlating them with bathymetry, water flow, and currents. Clear distinctions were observed, especially between upstream and downstream locations. Oxygen measurements both in spring and autumn, indicated good status water quality. Results demonstrated a good status in water quality at most stations during the study period.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Lin KONG, Samnang PEL, Catalin PLANTON, Domenico CARUSO, Jacques SLEMBROUCK, Stefan-Mihai PETREA

In Cambodia, the aquaculture sector registers as one of the fastest-growing food sectors, with a mean annual growth of more than 18% between 2002 and 2020. The main challenge associated with the intensification of aquaculture is the discharge of untreated effluents, which contain large amounts of organic matter, nutrients, minerals, and other chemicals. Among these, ammonia (NH3) is of the highest interest to monitor and measure in the technological water since it directly influences the survival and growth performance of the fish biomass. At the same time, the discharge of aquaculture wastewaters, containing high concentrations of ammonia, can generate water eutrophication in the natural aquatic environments receiving the effluents. The present study aimed to develop a virtual sensor capable of estimating the concentration of NH3 in the technological water of a typical earthen aquaculture pond from Phnom Penh – Cambodia. Multiple decision tree algorithms were employed for the prediction analysis and the accuracy was established based on RMSE (root mean square error) and R squared values.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Dan Constantin PUCHIANU

The integration of convolutional neural networks and modern web applications can significantly improve the efficiency of recycling processes. Accurate, rapid identification and separation of waste of various types reduces contamination by marking a process essential to the efficiency of the recycling industry. In this study, a modern approach for classifying recyclable waste using deep-learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks and integrated into a web application developed using ReactJS is presented. Leveraging the features of advanced deep-learning models and modern web interfaces, the present study aims to make a substantial contribution to the field of efficient waste management and environmental protection. Neural network architectures, trained and evaluated on a carefully annotated dataset, demonstrated very good accuracy values outperforming classical state-of-the-art models. Integrating these models with modern web technologies built a web application with an intuitive user interface for real-time classification of waste types, providing immediate feedback. In the same framework, implementations with web technologies also provide educational resources regarding recycling practices and the impact of waste on the environment. The impact on the environment is considerable because the development of such established technologies can reduce the amount of waste managed improperly, improving the recycling rate. Future research can explore optimizing the models and techniques presented in these studies, expanding the dataset, and developing the application to support good sustainability practices.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Dan Constantin PUCHIANU

Effective identification of recyclable waste is a major challenge in resource management and environmental protection. The present study explores the integration of transformer-based architectures for the accurate classification of recyclable waste, including plastic, glass, metal, and paper. A dataset consisting of digital images of different types of waste was used to train and evaluate the proposed architectures. To improve the generalization of the model a division of the data set was pursued for training, validation, and testing areas, as well as the implementation of data augmentation and transfer-learning techniques. Compared to traditional methods and different convolutional neural network architectures, transformer-based architectures have demonstrated superior performance both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. Analyzing the experimental results, the proposed models demonstrated accuracy values of over 95%. The study finally notes that the use of transformer-based architectures for the classification of waste from digital images presents a major potential in the development of efficient waste management practices and for reducing the impact of waste on the environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Cristian POPESCU, Mihaela BĂLAN, Marius-Nicolae CIOBOATĂ

Erosion is a process of soil and land degradation, which occurs on a large scale, both in our country and worldwide. Due to its specific characteristics, the study area from the hilly part of Dolj County presents relief, climatic, lithological, hydrological, and vegetation conditions, which have contributed over time and continue to contribute today, to the manifestation of the erosion process, through which the productive capacity of the soils is degraded or diminished. In the reference area, soils subjected to surface water erosion encountered on lands with uniform slope, were identified and evaluated, where slow geological erosion has gradually but permanently removed the solidified surface layer. On slopes with a steep gradient, where deep erosion occurs, strongly eroded soils with gullies and ravines have been identified. By identifying the causes that have produced and continue to produce these short comings and based on the morpho-physico-chemical properties of the investigated soils, the most relevant methods of control and combating water-caused erosion were established (agro-improvement works and hydro-ameliorative works).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Roxana MITROI, Cristina Ileana COVALIU - MIERLĂ, Cristina -Emanuela ENĂŞCUȚĂ, Grigore PSENOVSCHI

In recent times, the anaerobic fermentation process of animal waste has become a promising solution for biogas production through anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion technology is considered not only an environmental solution but also a potential source of energy, contributing to solving economic and social issues. This research has explored the potential of using poultry, cow and pig manure, to produce biogas through the anaerobic digestion process. Animal farming produce significant quantities of waste and thus exert a negative action on the environment. The animal waste resulting from zootechnical activities can represent an important resource to produce renewable. Furthermore, by using animal waste and plant residues as organic materials to produce biogas, we are not only reducing the quantities of waste illegally dumped along riverbanks or in landfills. In this research paper, the objective was to develop an optimal mixture of animal waste and agro-food byproducts to produce biogas.

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