ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Iulian IANCU, Alexandru DIMACHE, Oana-Stefania BUCUR, Daniel CORNEA

Romania is one of the countries that experience the coastal erosion phenomenon, a natural process found along shorelines worldwide, caused by the action of waves and currents that entrain sediments. In the context of climate change, a significant intensification of coastal erosion has been observed in our country, especially due to increased wave heights resulting from severe storms. Reducing wave energy using traditional coastal protection structures is not always effective, besides being factually inefficient, it is also extremely costly, both in terms of investment and maintenance. In recent years, modern technologies for wave energy dissipation have been developed, such as the use of floaters, submerged air cushions, and even the use of sound waves to attenuate the force of waves. The paper presents a solution to reduce wave energy using submerged mats, with direct benefits on reducing the erosive power of waves and ensuring coastal protection. The goal is to optimize the solution of submerged mats, ensuring maximum efficiency at minimum cost by adjusting the structural characteristics of the mat (length, thickness, elasticity, permeability) to the characteristics of the waves.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Mihaita Nicolae ARDELEANU, Emil Mihail DIACONU, Otilia NEDELCU, Marius-Alexandru DINCA, Petru NICOLAE, Sorin IONITESCU

The development of deep learning technologies and digital image processing have brought innovative solutions for various fields of activity. One area that has benefited from these technological innovations is urban traffic analysis. Architectures based on convolutional neural networks are used in a wide variety of intelligent systems that rely on image detection and analysis. This micro-review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies for reducing pollution in traffic congestions through carbon footprint-based methods. The emphasis is on methodologies that quantify and mitigate the environmental impact of traffic congestion, combining advances in technology with authority measures. Examining current methodologies, new trends and case studies, this study seeks to highlight modern and effective strategies that can be implemented to provide practical solutions for more efficient and sustainable urban transport and pollution reduction.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Marin-Vasile ILCA, Teodor Eugen MAN, Robert BEILICCI, Anisoara IENCIU, Daniela Cristina UNTARU, Mariana Antonia PASC

The paper deals with the need to modernize the existing secondary drainage infrastructure, in an effort to implement new water management strategies, in line with current needs, including a case study that proposes a solution in this sense, by designing a drainage-irrigation system based on the optimization and systematization of the agricultural surface taken into account, the efficiency of the water circuit and last but not least, the achievement of reduced water consumption. Drainage and irrigation systems represent an important element in the complex equation of agriculture, their management being able to make the difference between performance and failure, hence the importance of consolidating the optimal strategy regarding the design, modernization and ensuring their functionality. In geographical areas with excess humidity, it was necessary to build drainage systems to remove excess water from the land to make it arable, through land improvement works as support for agriculture, similar works executed in Romania between 1950-1989 which, especially due to its age, requires restoration/modernization. Considering the modernization of agricultural technologies, the introduction on a larger scale of a new mindset on more environmentally friendly agricultural systems, global climate changes, etc., the rehabilitation and modernization of the secondary infrastructure within the old drainage facilities is currently necessary and timely - drainage, where the technical conditions allow their transformation into complex drainage and irrigation facilities. The paper presents a case study in this sense, from which derives the need to make some legislative changes that will have to be made to facilitate the promotion of such complex facilities desiccation - drainage and irrigation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Luminita Georgeta POPESCU, Roxana Gabriela POPA, Lucica ANGHELESCU, Ramona CAZALBAȘU, Georgeta PREDEANU, Bogdan Stefan VASILE

The increase in domestic poultry production in Romania is a result of the efforts our country is making to limit imports from other countries on one hand, and the development of the poultry sector through domestic investments, on the other hand. In 2022, poultry meat production increased by over 6%, and further increases are expected. In the same dynamic, the amount of aviary waste generated by poultry farms is also increasing, and in these conditions, it is obvious for our concerns to focus on the recovery, recycling, and utilization of avian waste. In this paper, we will present new possibilities for the utilization of ash resulting from the incineration of avian waste. In this case, avian waste is used as fuel, either in addition to biomass or municipal waste, to produce thermal energy.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Mihaela CAFTANACHI, Ramona-Elena TATARU FARMUS, Maria HARJA

Currently, the large amount of waste produced is a significant problem for the environment and for the people who live near the deposits of by-products obtained from technological processes. Limited storage capacity, as well as the uncontrolled disposal of waste or industrial by-products from landfills, are growing concerns for environmental protection. The recovery of waste can be carried out to obtain new inorganic materials, known under several names, including geopolymers, alkaline activated materials. Aluminosilicate sources can come from industrial by-products such as silica fume, slag, fly ash, etc. In the formulation of this material, the type, ratios and concentrations of the compounds in the mixture are very important to the properties of the new inorganic materials. Prior to synthesis, a compressive analysis of the source materials must be performed to identify the minerals present and their amount relative to the total mass. The aim of this study is the formulation and characterization of new alkaline activated materials with the replacement of cement and establishing the influence of the properties of raw materials over final products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Iuliana Diana BĂRBULESCU, Raluca Ștefania RĂDOI-ENCEA, Corina DUMITRACHE, Mihaela Violeta GHICA, Mihai FRÎNCU, Mihaela BEGEA, Valerica TUDOR, Elena-Mirela BOROIU, Răzvan Ionuț TEODORESCU

The present work describes the optimization of the composition of liquid culture medium in sub-merged fermentation in batch system by varying 7 factors, according to a Hadamard matrix. The work aimed to determine the optimal values of the varied factors (sugar content, yeast extract, KCl, medium volume (Vw/Vt), inoculation ratio, MgSO4 × 7H2O, vitamins) that conducted to a maximum value of the system response, namely the yeast biomass cell weight, (6.61 g) a parameter relevant from technical and economic point of view. The temperature, stirring rate and air flow rate for the Hadamard matrix were maintained constant for each process variant. Applying the process, an active yeast biomass with a protein content of 36.45 g% was obtained. The active yeast biomass of S. cerevisiae PFE-II-3 was used in a further study to obtain wines at the Pietroasa Viticulture and Winemaking Research and Development Station.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Iuliana Mirela PINȚĂ

This paper investigates the optimization of resources and activities in agriculture, focusing on increasing efficiency and productivity through modern technologies and resource management practices. Precision agriculture, crop rotation, and integrated pest management are highlighted as key methods for improving yields while minimizing environmental impacts. Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 1,366 academic publications using tools such as citation analysis and keyword co-occurrence analysis. The results show a significant growth in research on economic optimization in agriculture, with sustainability and technological advancements driving the field. Key areas of focus include resource efficiency, automation, and multi-objective optimization, with water management emerging as a critical topic. The study provides insights into the evolving research landscape, emphasizing the integration of advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, and machine learning in future agricultural practices. Although bibliometric methods offer valuable assessments, the limitations of these approaches, such as citation biases, should be considered when interpreting results. The analysis underscores the growing importance of sustainable agricultural practices and resource optimization in addressing global challenges like climate change and resource scarcity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Marinela BODOG, Alexandru RACZ, Nicu Cornel SABĂU

This paper aims to investigate the evolution of the land base by land use categories: arable land, grassland, forests, and other wooded land. Specifically, the case study will analyse the evolution of the areas occupied by forest vegetation, included in the National Forest Fund, and managed by the Bihor Forestry Directorate through the Oradea Forestry Office, within the U.P.U.III Ineu, according to forest management plans referring to period 2007-2016 and 2017-2026. The research focuses on the evolution of the structural and qualitative characteristics of the stands, respectively the implementation and the results of the forest management plans for the studied stands, during the mentioned period, using the QGIS software. A comparative analysis will also be made of the ten-year plans for harvesting wood products and carrying out natural and artificial regeneration. The importance of these analyses lies in their ability to provide quick solutions to various problems encountered in current practical activities in the forestry sector.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Sonia BOUDJABI, Nawal ABABSA, Haroun CHENCHOUNI, Aya DEBAB, Amna BRAHMI

Sewage sludge, as biosolids, can improve the fertility of degraded soils in arid and semi-arid regions. The use of these biosolids reduces reliance on increasingly expensive chemical fertilizers. They also limit carbon emissions and promote soil microbial growth, while stimulating plant growth. The objective of this study is to investigate the physiological and biochemical response of two durum wheat varieties (Hedba and BiDi) to the application of residual sludge (D0 = control, D1 = 30 g and D2 = 60 g of sludge per pot) under water stress conditions (S0 = 100%, S1 = 40%, S2 = 25% FC). The analyses indicated a linear and significant accumulation in the biochemical variables (sugars, prolineandN) under the effect of stress and residual sludge. Contrary to the physiological variables with (WRC, Cell Integrity). However, chlorophyll a content accumulates with stress and residual sludge. Hedba variety is more resistant to stress compared to BD.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Irina TOMASU, Simona MARCU SPINU, Mihaela DRAGOI CUDALBEANU, Constanta MIHAI, Petronela ROSU, Raluca PASCU, Alina ORTAN

A traditional aromatic culinary plant, basil (Ocimum spp.) also offers a wide range of potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects. Multiple varieties cultivated around the world, ranging from the traditional Ocimum basilicum - sweet basil to Genovese basil, cinnamon basil, purple basil, holy basil, etc, were investigated for their therapeutic properties due to their high content of antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was the phytochemical analysis of a lemon-flavored basil, with seeds procured from Kiepenkerl. To promote a circular economy, the lemon basil was grown together with yeast biomass fed fish in an aquaponic system. The samples consisted of basil grown with: different percentages of yeast biomass added to conventional fish feed, regular fish feed, and traditional soil-based technologies. The phytochemical composition of the samples was assessed following microwave-assisted extraction. The evaluation included antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS assays), as well as total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the 14 compounds identified in the UPLC investigation, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid had the highest content in all the samples.

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