ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Calin Ioan IOVAN, Nicu Cornel SABĂU, Lucian Sorin DOROG, Florin COVACI, Agneta Rodica IOVAN, Ghiță Cristian CRAINIC

The forestry sector, due to its binary nature (biologically specific but also technical), must participate in solving some problems regarding the conservation and improvement of hydrological resources, the inventory and sustainable exploitation of all resources, the research of the structures and compositions of stands in hydrographic basins, in order to improve the hydrological functions of forests and soil protection. The paper presents a series of characteristics and parameters of the Aleu Valley watercourse and at the same time of the hydrographic and forest basin in which it is located. For this purpose, a series of determinations of water flows, parameters of the hydrographic basin (type of longitudinal profile of the course, shape, surface, maximum length and width, perimeter, shape index, average slope of the basin, length of the hydrographic network), as well as the analysis of the degree of total afforestation and partial areas in the Aleu Valley basin. The results of these analyzes may be of interest in order to capitalize on the potential of small watercourses in the forestry sector in the fisheries or energy fields.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Alina ANTACHE, Aurelia NICA, Maxim ARSENI, Adrian ROSU, Dragos CRISTEA, Catalina ITICESCU

The paper aims to develop a comparative and integrated analytical framework (CIAF) that will ensure an in-depth understanding of environmental triggers in Western (W) vs Eastern (E) Great Cities (GC) of the European Union (EU). Parameters corresponding to both environmental (EVD) and economic (ECD) dimensions were selected for each of the first 10 EU WGC and EGC, respectively. The EVD considers the impact of PM2.5. exposure, as well as municipal waste generation and days of strong heat stress, while the ECD considers the GDP, labour productivity, as well as unemployment rate, all connected to the demographical dynamics of the analysed urban areas. A machine-learning methodology, consisting of MLR and XGBoost algorithms, is used for the development of the CIAF. The results indicate significant peculiarities between both WGC and EGC and reveal high accuracy (>85%) in various prediction scenarios. The findings can be used as a basis for the future development of complex decision-support tools, tackling to optimize the environmental management in EU GC.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Tamara MYSLYVA, Marciano DASAI, Christiaan Max HUISDEN, Petro NADTOCHIY, Yurii BILYAVSKYI

Machine learning (ML) algorithm-based models represent cutting-edge techniques used for mapping, quantifying, and modelling changes in land use and land cover (LULC) over time. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted on the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) and support vector machine classification (SVM) applied to LULC change detection and forecasting within the coastal plain territory of Suriname. Sentinel-2A satellite data covering the period from 2017 to 2022 was utilised, along with additional variables such as the distance from rivers, roads, and administrative cities in each district and slope and digital elevation models in the prediction models. The SVM algorithm based predictive model, incorporating an urbanization transition sub-model, exhibited an impressive accuracy of 83.85%, surpassing the MLP algorithm-based model, which did not exceed 64.63%. Consequently, this model is recommended for generating LULC change prediction maps. These maps can serve as a crucial baseline for the Surinamese government, providing valuable insights for policy development and sustainable land use management.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Alexandru SÎNTU-LĂSAT

The present paper aims to highlight a more efficient and safer way to estimate the flood limits especially in hard-to-reach areas (hill-mountain) in order to reduce the calamities caused by flash-floods through water management works. It was used an UAV (drone) with D-RTK technology together with a GPS station with which there were captured elevation points on the ground. The study area is located in Alba County on the Răchita Valley near the Sebeș city, area having a strong torrential character, especially during short-term and high-intensity rains. In 2019-2020 winter, a flood of 106 m3/s was recorded, representing a huge value compared to the multiannual flow of the main water course of 8.88 m3/s. The estimation of the flood limits is fully computerized, obtaining the most accurate results in order to be able to design hydraulic specifications for hydrotechnical schemes and structures needed considering both structural and environmental sides.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Adrian ROSU, Daniel-Eduard CONSTANTIN, Mirela VOICULESCU, Silvia DRĂGAN, Maxim ARSENI, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Catalina ITICESCU, Lucian Puiu GEORGESCU

Air pollution has emerged as a pressing concern in large urban areas, often stemming from sources like intensified traffic and industrial activities within city limits. Addressing this issue requires an understanding of air quality levels, leading to the adoption of low-cost, portable air quality monitoring systems. In our research, we conducted tests using a compact mobile air quality system, SNIFFER 4D (SN), comparing its performance against conventional air quality monitors utilizing standardized methods such as chemiluminescence and spectrometry. The equipment was stationed at the REXDAN research facility situated along one of Galati city's main roads. The primary objective of our study was to evaluate the reliability and suitability of the SN for detailed analysis of trace gases like NO2, O3, and PM10, by cross-referencing data with readings from standard instruments capable of measuring individual trace gases. Data collection spanned from August 17 to August 30, 2023. Our findings indicate that the SN system proved to be a stable and sophisticated tool for conducting high-resolution studies on local and regional air pollution, encompassing pollutants such as NO2, O3, and PM10.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Petru NICOLAE

Transport infrastructure plays a crucial role in the economic development and environmental sustainability of any region. This study focuses on evaluating the efficiency of transport infrastructure investments in Romania, examining their social, economic, and environmental impacts. The research adopts a comprehensive approach, integrating data from national and European sources to assess the long-term effects of these investments. Key findings highlight the need for a balanced investment strategy that considers energy consumption, pollutant emissions, land use and socio-economic inclusion. The study also proposes a methodology for determining the congruence factor, which balances environmental, social, and economic criteria to optimize infrastructure performance. These insights aim to guide policymakers in making informed decisions to promote sustainable development in the transport sector.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Ariola DEVOLLI, Edlira SHAHINASI, Enkeleida SALLAKU, Marilda OSMANI, Belinda HOXHA, Frederik DARA

Rapid population growth, urbanization, and unsustainable water management practices have all contributed to the depletion of freshwater resources. Groundwater is considered an important source for drinking and domestic purposes. In most cases, groundwater is threatened by physical, chemical, and microbiological contamination. The sources of groundwater contamination are numerous and have severe implications for public health. This study aims to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of well water used for drinking and domestic purposes in the industrial area of the Elbasan district. Samples were collected from 57 wells and analysed for bacteriological (Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli) and physicochemical quality (pH, Electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, sulfate, ammonia, etc.) using standard methods. The collected data were subject to statistical analysis using the SPSS software ver. 22. Physicochemical results revealed that 65% of wells did not meet WHO standards and Albanian guidelines set for drinking water. In terms of bacteriological analysis, 80% of the samples were contaminated with total coliforms and 19% with E. coli. Based on analysis of heavy metals some samples exceeded the limits of iron and lead content.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Florin DUŢU, Bogdan-Adrian ISPAS, Irina CATIANIS, Ana-Bianca PAVEL, Laura DUŢU

Delta systems, as final receptors of the fluvial systems are under considerable and increasing influence of multiple anthropogenic stresses, such as hydropower plant developments in the basins, extraction of groundwater in delta plains, embankment of banks, dredging of the navigation channel, the land use change, channel engineering, that affect the sediment connectivity. Along the Sulina Canal, the cut-off program and construction of the groins and dikes had important responses in grain size distribution between the main channel, the rectified meanders, and the lakes of the Danube Delta. Two field campaigns (at high and low waters) were made in May and October 2023, focusing on the bed sediment composition and lithological constituents. Sediment samples were acquired throughout several cross-sections, to investigate the bed sediment characteristics. Grain size parameters (such as Median, Standard deviation, and Skewness) show the predominance of fine fraction (medium and fine sand, and silt), moderately and poorly sorted. The data were compared and larger modifications were found between the two analysed periods in the distribution of sediments.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Irina CATIANIS, Adriana Maria CONSTANTINESCU, Dumitru GROSU, Gabriel IORDACHE, Florin DUȚU, Ana-Bianca PAVEL

This study was carried out in the Danube Delta, at Ceatal Izmail and Ceatal Sfântu Gheorghe. The investigated sectors are of great importance, being essential key points related to the hydrological connectivity between the Danube River distributary branches and interdistributary channels, streams, and lakes of the Danube Delta. Thereby, six stations were selected to provide seasonal water quality data, collected biannually, from 2018 to 2023, in different hydrodynamic conditions (high and low waters). To assess the conditions of the investigated surface waters, several physical in-situ measurements (T, pH, DO, EC, TDS, Transp.) were taken at all sampling locations. Additionally, water samples were collected for laboratory analysis (N-NH4+, N-NO2-1, N-NO3-, P-PO43-, Chla, SiO2, TOC, SO42-, Turb., TSS, ORP). The criteria used to assess the water quality in the investigated sites include the current Romanian national legislation (Ord. 161/2006) and other international environmental standards. Most of the investigated physical-chemical parameters were in line with correlated criteria, and only incidentally, the objectives were exceeded at single or multiple locations. According to this assessment, permanent monitoring of water quality is mandatory at these important hydrological nodes, by analyzing the status and trends in physical and chemical characteristics of the surface water environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Georgi PATRONOV, Diana KIRIN

The results of research on biological diversity in a section of the Chepelarska River and the territories adjacent to it, subjected to anthropogenic pressure, are presented. The studied area (water body code BG3MA500R103, river type R5Semi-mountainous type in Ecoregion 7 Eastern Balkans) falls entirely within protected area BG0000194 "Chaya River". It is located along the lower section of the river before it flows into the Maritsa River (Eastern White Sea Basin). The types of natural habitats and their ecological status are presented. Regarding the registered 45 species of higher plants and 22 animal species, the nature protection status and the species with resource importance have been determined. The results from the ecological monitoring of the freshwater ecosystem based on physicochemical elements (dissolved O2, pH, electrical conductivity, Ptotal, N-NH4, N-NO2, N-NO3, P-orthoPO4, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) and ecological quality element macrozoobenthos, after applying the established standards are discussed. Measures to improve the ecological condition of the studied area are indicated.

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