ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Iulia COROIAN, Diana FICIOR, Tudor SĂLĂGEAN, Silvia CHIOREAN, Ioana Delia POP, Mircea-Emil NAP, Elemer-Emanuel ȘUBA

The 3D modeling process consists of a three-dimensional representation of an object or a surface using certain specialized software. The 3D modeling was done by using a point cloud resulting from a drone flight. GIS applications enable the analysis of spatial locations by creating and layering information through maps or 3D scenes. In order to create a 3D model of the land, the ortophotomap resulting from a photogrammetric drone flight was used. The generation of the orthophotomap and the dense point cloud offers the possibility of making digital measurements, exporting and creating a database for making applications and drawing up interactive maps according to the user's wishes. The purpose of this work is to use the latest methods of obtaining photogrammetric data with the help of drones, but also to create interactive maps that allow studies and spatial analysis to be carried out. The case study was carried out on the campus of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca using the photogrammetric method and GIS analysis. To obtain the orthophotomap and photogrammetric data, it was decided to fly with the DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone. The analysis of the orthophotomap of the campus and the dense point clouds allowed the graphical representation of the cartographic elements in the ArcGIS PRO application, respectively ArcGIS Online, offering the possibility of accessing them in real time, which represents an up-to-date process and to be considered for conducting studies and spatial analyses. The maps created, both in 2D and 3D format, as well as the WEB applications have the purpose of providing users with data regarding the shape, location, character and arrangement within the campus of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca of the most important component buildings, taking into account their character.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Dan Constantin PUCHIANU

The integration of advanced deep-learning techniques and object detection architectures represents an advanced methodology for waste detection. Considering the importance of recycling and environmental protection in sustainable waste management, automation of such processes becomes an essential task to improve efficiency and accuracy in various industrial and environmental applications. In this study, a system based on convolutional neural networks is proposed for the identification and classification of different types of waste, such as paper, metal, plastic, or glass. An extensive dataset was used to train and evaluate the proposed models using digital RGB images. Following the experimental results, the implementations of this study demonstrated a detection accuracy of over 90%, highlighting the effectiveness of these models and providing modern solutions for correct waste management and manual sorting errors. Efficient recycling is important for ensuring good environmental sustainability practices and automating the process using deep-learning systems is an important step in this direction.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Cosmin-Constantin NIȚU

The second criterion of comparison for the convergence of series or improper integrals, also called the limit comparison test, is a little bit unnatural and difficult for students when it comes to finding the comparison term. In this paper we give a refinement of this criteria via equivalents, which is more natural. We say that two sequences or two functions are equivalent if their quotient tends to 1 at some point. When two sequences or two integrable functions are equivalent, then their associated series or integrals have the same nature. We also present different applications of this method for both series and improper integrals.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Vera CARABULEA, Dumitru-Marian MOTELICĂ, Nicoleta Olimpia VRÎNCEANU, Georgiana PLOPEANU, Bogdan Ștefan OPREA, Mihaela COSTEA, Vasilica LUCHIAN

This study aims to estimate the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) from soil in Dactylis glomerata L. plants from permanent meadows in the polluted area of Copșa Mică, Romania. The estimation of heavy metal accumulation in Dactylis glomerata L. plants was carried out based on a data set collected from permanent meadows used for grazing and hay production. The logarithmic power-type regression plots estimating the stochastic dependence between the total cadmium content in the aerial part of Dactylis glomerata L. plants and soil is statistically significant, and for Cu, Pb and Zn they are less significant. The variation of the total metal content (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) determined in the soil samples in the 0–20 cm layer according to the distance from the pollution source is statistically significant. The results of this study are important for the estimation of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) accumulation in Dactylis glomerata L. plants from permanent grasslands, which are consumed by animals.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Marta Cristina ZAHARIA, Daniela DOBRE, Claudiu Sorin DRAGOMIR

In the case of the acoustic design of some rooms, such as audition rooms, classrooms for education, etc., the knowledge of the acoustic absorption characteristics of the materials/products that will be used for the interior surface finishes (walls, floors, ceilings) is of particular importance. Depending on the activity that takes place in the room, it is necessary to obtain a certain value of the reverberation time in order to achieve acoustic comfort. In many research projects, carried out in INCD URBAN-INCERC, INCERC Bucharest Branch, laboratory experiments were carried out on some types of classic materials (polyethylene, felt in plates of basaltic mineral wool) or natural, ecological materials (wool for use in construction, or wooden boards, etc.). The research ware carried out in the reverberation chamber in the Building Acoustics Laboratory. The results of the studies are presented in the article as acoustic absorption coefficient in the diffuse field, 'αs', in graphical forms of frequency range 100 to 5000 Hz and as the evaluation acoustic absorption coefficient 'αw' and are compared considering the influence of the physical characteristics of the tested materials.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Daniela-Cristina UNTARU, Teodor-Eugen MAN, Robert BEILICCI, Mircea VISESCU, Erika BEILICCI, Antonia-Mariana PASC

The numerical models commonly used for pressurized water distribution networks can also be adapted for modeling underground irrigation networks, which has also been done in this paper. Software packages such as Epanet, Mike Urban, etc. are usually designed for drinking water supply applications thus requiring adaptation of boundary conditions specific to underground irrigation networks. In this case study the hydraulic modelling of the irrigation network was done with the advanced Mike Urban software package. Following the modelling, the sizing of the newly designed pipeline network, the diagrams of pressures, speeds, flows, as well as the evolution in time in various operating scenarios were performed. The investment of the modernization and rehabilitation of OUAI Hotarani was financed currently through the 2023-2027 Strategic Program, intervention DR-25. In our paper we present the current nonfunctional and proposed rehabilitated functional situation of the SPP15 Hotarani irrigation system. Modernization by using new/modern mobile irrigation by sprinkling equipment ensures the operation at superior technical parameters, water, and energy saving.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Ștefan-Leontin MARTINAȘ-IONIȚĂ, Gabriela Antoaneta APOSTOLESCU, Maria HARJA

Due to rising customer demand, the manufacturing of electrical and electronic equipment has expanded dramatically in recent years; nevertheless, because technology is advancing so quickly, the equipment's lifespan has decreased. Consequently, an enormous volume of electronic waste (also known as "e-waste") is produced each day. The majority of these wastes consist of materials that, in the wrong hands, can have an adverse effect on the habitats they are placed in and, indirectly, the species that live there. Metals, polymers, and refractory oxides are frequently found in these wastes. These materials can be highly valuable economically if they are correctly collected and separated. The main strategies for isolating and recovering valuable components from electrical and electronic waste were examined in this study, along with how successful these approaches were at disposing of waste.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Anca DRAGHICI, Iudit BERE-SEMEREDI, Gabriela BANADUC, Cornelia BAERA

The present research aims at the identification, characterization, and procedural substantiation of the model for the environmental strategy development (feasible, efficient and effective) to achieve the objective of a sustainable (green) local community, by considering the phenomenon of climate change. Three quantitative studies preceded the qualitative research for the development of the conceptual model: (1) Research on citizens’ perception, knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards climate change with Timisoara citizens; (2) Research on exploring the training needs of public servants (from Timis county) in the knowledge field of climate change and sustainable energy consumption; (3) Research on nature-based solutions and green infrastructure for climate change mitigation and adaptation. We have extended the legal framework of the qualitative study with an inventory of contextual and phenomenological premises given by the European Covenant of Mayors for Energy and Climate and details of the Green European Capitals. The ultimate objective of the presented holistic approach to developing the environmental strategy is a resilient urban community (capable of adapting to change while continuing to function normally and continuously develop itself satisfying citizen needs).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Daniela KOSTOVA-IVANOVA

The publication presents an analysis of the baseline inventory of greenhouse gas emissions by sector in city of Vidin, based on the assessment of final energy use in the sectors, according to the methodology for developing a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) in the framework of the Covenant of Mayors. The GHG emissions inventory enables local governments to understand the emissions contribution of different activities; to determine where to direct mitigation efforts and to create strategies to reduce GHG emissions and track their progress. The article presents the results of the analysis of the base inventory of emissions in the city of Vidin, including the description of the methodology and key factors affecting emissions in the sectors "Residential buildings", "Public and Tertiary buildings", "Transport", "Public lighting" and "Industry", considering possible strategies and measures to reduce carbon footprints, including the amount of emissions gases. This analysis aims to provide a basis for developing sustainable policies in the municipality aimed at achieving the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2030 by identifying and planning climate change mitigation and adaptation actions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Sorin HERBAN, Clara-Beatrice VÎLCEANU, Andrei CRIȘAN, Livia NISTOR-LOPATENCO

Taking into consideration the valuable spectral information and its wide coverage, satellite remote sensing is an efficient and accurate instrument to analyse and monitor the Earth's surface over time, even the negative consequences of anthropic activities. The present paper aims at monitoring in time the Roşia Poieni quarry and the negative effects resulting from the copper and gold exploitation, which led to the existence of the Valea Şesii tailing pond. To this purpose, Landsat satellite images were analysed over a 30-year period from platforms that offer free downloads. Image processing consisted of cropping the images according to the area of interest, applying the RGB combination and classifying them in order to obtain the surfaces. Moreover, indices for vegetation and water were applied for the images taken in 2018, 2020 and 2022. In order to obtain a more realistic image and to observe the differences, for the specified years, namely 2018, 2020 and 2022, Sentinel satellite images were processed in parallel. Despite the small size of the study area, satellite remote sensing has succeeded in delivering plausible, noteworthy results with great emphasis on hard-to-reach areas.

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