ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Mihaela BĂLAN, Cristian POPESCU

This study aimed at inventorying the soils of the Gorj County, classifying them into quality classes and identifying the limiting factors of their quality. Thus, eight soil classes were identified over an area of 192,405.22 ha and soil complexes and associations over an area of 51,362.78 ha. As far as soil quality is concerned, the soils have been divided into quality classes which were done following the 1:10,000 scale survey. The assessment was made according to soil, relief and climate and it was revealed that the largest agricultural area, i.e. 140,898 ha, which represents 57.8% of the total agricultural area, falls into the fourth quality class, which demonstrates the complexity of the relief and soils in the Gorj County. As far as soil quality limiting factors are concerned, it was found that they can be grouped into three main groups: soil-dependent limiting factors (texture, porosity, reaction, CaCO3 content, nutrients content); limiting factors dependent on terrain factors (slope, erosion, landslides) and limiting factors caused by anthropogenic activities (pollution).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Irina POPA, Vasilica VASILE, Silviu LAMBRACHE

To ensure environmental preservation, it is increasingly necessary to capitalize on waste, both from agriculture and related industries. There is currently research at the worldwide level on the capitalizing of vegetable waste and natural agro-industrial by-products in the field of construction, to obtain innovative materials, which can replace traditional materials. The capitalization of waste ensures not only the reduction of the impact on the environment due to their recovery but also the possibility of cost efficiency compared to the use of traditional materials. Waste recovery is a priority component of sustainable development, aiming to create the conditions for ensuring the well-being of countries and their citizens and implementing global measures to manage natural resources. In this context, our studies focused on determining the economic efficiency of innovative materials, obtained by capitalization of some types of vegetal waste, being necessary to perform a comparative cost analysis. The acquisition costs related to innovative, environmentally friendly materials and those traditionally used in construction were considered, as well as the costs during their use, respectively the maintenance and repair costs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Alexandru COLISAR, Marcel DÎRJA, Vasile SIMONCA, Steluta Maria SINGEORZAN, Victor SFECLA, Horia Dan VLASIN, Cornel NEGRUSIER, Alina Maria TRUTA, Florin Alexandru REBREAN, Vasile CEUCA

This research was carried out based on a wide range of knowledge and research results reported due to previous studies on afforestation of degraded lands and forest species associations, in the southwestern part of the Transylvanian Plain. The existing knowledge made it possible to deepen and analyze different forest management practices, such as forest stand improvement, restoration of degraded lands through afforestation in the context of climate change. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to restore a degraded land in the south-western part of Transylvania. To achieve this goal, different forest plant communities were proposed, established and monitored over 9 years. During the research period, the development of forest plant communities was monitored in a fixed area in Viișoara, in order to determine the influence of soil type and plant community composition on the survival rate of the plants. For this purpose, the survival rates after 3, 5, 7 and 9 years after planting were calculated in relation to forest biometric data such as tree height and crown diameter. The results show that both soil type and forest plant community composition influenced the development of the species. The highest survival rates (96-99.5%) were recorded in Pinus sylvestris, Acer campestre, Hippophaë rhamnoides and Crataegus monogyna preluvosol, erodisol and luvosol. Among the 12 forest species tested, Tilia cordata, Quercus petraea and Acer campestre had the highest biometric values in terms of plant height, which ranged from 357.33 cm (Acer campestre) to 412.42 cm (Tilia cordata) along the diameter of the trunk, which varied from 6.27 cm (Quercus petraea) to 11.65 cm (Tilia cordata).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Augustina Sandina TRONAC, Dragoș DRĂCEA, Sebastian MUSTAȚĂ, Oana Alina NIȚU

The paper approach the greenhouse plant yield analyzing water and energy resources embedded in product when Nutrient Film Technology (NFT) is applied. Examining the process, identifying the phases, the intervening components, calibrating the model, it is possible, as intermediate results, to determine for each growth element the water and energy consumption, in order to offer solutions for reducing water, nutrients, electricity content, diminishing production costs and being environmentally friendly. The consequences are important for functional engineering of plant growth as well as for technological developments to make natural resources more efficient in a sustainable manner. The research will continue and will try to define the moment in the evolution of the culture in which harvesting is optimal from the point of view of the included resources, the resulting nutritional value, the minimum impact on the environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Aurelia NICA, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Alina ANTACHE, Catalina ITICESCU, Catalin PLATON, Victor CRISTEA

The sustainable management of water resources involves the careful stewardship, conservation, and equitable distribution of water to meet current and future needs while preserving the integrity of ecosystems and ensuring social and economic development. Here are some key principles and strategies for sustainable water management: Integrated Water Resource Management, Water Conservation and Efficiency, Protecting Ecosystems, Climate Resilience, Water Governance and Institutions, Investment in Infrastructure and Technology and Cross-Sectoral Collaboration. Sustainable water management requires collaboration and coordination across sectors such as agriculture, energy, industry, and urban development, as water is interconnected with various aspects of socio-economic development. Integrated planning and decision-making processes can help balance competing water demands and identify synergies and trade-offs among different sectors. By adopting these principles and strategies, communities, governments, and organizations can work towards ensuring the sustainable management of water resources, safeguarding water security, supporting ecosystem health, and promoting equitable access to clean and reliable water for present and future generations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Maxim ARSENI, Valentina-Andreea CALMUC, Madalina CALMUC, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Adrian ROSU, Eugen BUSILA, Catalina ITICESCU, Puiu-Lucian GEORGESCU

The interaction between hydrological parameters and aquatic quality parameters is important nowadays for integrated analysis of the status of an aquatic ecosystem. Discharge, flow speed, current direction, and water level represent some of the most important river parameters that can provide valuable information about the health and integrity of the ecosystem. At the same time, through an interdisciplinary approach that includes water pollution parameters, the status of the ecosystem can be analyzed in an integrated manner. A river's flow can influence how pollutants are transported and dispersed The study carried out on the Lower Danube River part aims for an integrated analysis of these parameters, to establish the behavior of water pollutants according to hydrological parameters. The results show an accumulation of high values of CCO and NH4+ in areas where the hydrological regime of the river is attenuated water flow decreases and where the banks are less steep. By integrating data on hydrological parameters with water quality results we can contribute to the development of effective environmental management strategies to protect and conserve natural resources.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Cosmina CANDREA, Marcel DÎRJA, Vasile DODEA

Soil erosion is one of the most widespread forms of soil degradation. The research was conducted with the aim of identifying the influence of erosion on chemical traits of moderately sloppy degraded luvisoil, using appropriate indicators. The experiment is located in Borod commune, Bihor County. To carry out the study of the level of soil erosion, a bifactorial experiment was organized, with the factors represented by the type of crop (meadow and corn) and the location of the crop (on contour lines and in the hill-valley direction). The biological material consists of alfalfa-dominated grasslands and maize maintained on typical, moderately eroded Luvisol. It is found that for the exploitation of the meadow, the highest values of the nutrient content are recorded, compared to the corn crop. The chemical indicators of soil quality are strongly influenced by the location of the crop, the location of the crop at the base of the slope having the strongest influence, but in the case of pH and mobile phosphorus content, located at the top of the slope.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Oana-Catalina POPESCU, Antonio-Valentin TACHE, Adrian SIMION

This paper aims to demonstrate the necessity of infrastructure planning in the big cities of Romania starting from a theoretical approach to the subject. Green space and green infrastructure have a close connection with topics like urban sprawl, climate change, or nature-based solutions. The present results are based on the research on Google Scholar of the publications that have appeared in recent years. Thus, most scientific papers mostly refer to urban green infrastructure in relation to the field of planning, public health, nature-based solutions and climate change and, in a lower extent, to GIS systems, pandemic and social equity. The conclusions show that an interdisciplinary approach is needed, and that a strategic and priority urban planning must evaluate ecosystem services offered by green infrastructure in order to sustain a healthy city.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Monica SFÎRCOCI, Loredana COPĂCEAN, Luminiţa COJOCARIU

The relief is the main factor that determines the "vertical" arrangement of the vegetation. Starting from this hypothesis, the aim of the study is to quantify the influence of the altitudinal gradient on the vegetation cover of the grasslands and to test the condition of maintaining this influence over time. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used, applied to Sentinel 2 images from March, May, July, August, October. It was established that, in grasslands, the average values of NDVI are minimum in spring, beginning of the vegetation season (0.3743), increase in May (0.6775) and reach the maximum in July (0.8233 - high degree of coverage). In autumn, the vegetation cover decreases (NDVI = 0.6258). On the altitudinal gradient, in spring, vegetation cover decreases with increasing altitude (r = -0.85), in summer, it is "uniformly" distributed, and in autumn, it increases simultaneously with altitude (r = 0.5831), against the background of maintaining a temperature-precipitation ratio optimal on the upper floors. The use of NDVI in the analysis of grassland provides a global picture and the possibility of expanding the analysis in different research directions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Madalina ENE, Ioan BICA

Water is an essential factor of the population existence and health and a primordial condition for the evolution of the society. In the context of climate change that determines the reduction of resources, the sustainable use of water, are key factors of sustainable development. The spatial and temporal distribution of water is determined not only by economic activities and the degree of urbanization, but also by natural variations in climate as a result of climate change. In recent decades, there has been a growing awareness of the value of stormwater as a resource that must be considered in urban development. In the context of the deterioration of the ecological conditions of water sources, due to pollution on the one hand, population growth and the influx of people into urban areas, on the other hand, the challenge for cities is to balance the limited supply and the growing demand for water. In recent years, migration is an additional challenge for the urban development strategy. At the same time, water as a resource and related infrastructure are among the most vulnerable sectors during armed conflicts.

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