ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Hasan Hüseyin ÖZTÜRK, Bülent AYHAN, Serdar AYGÜN, Ali GÜL, Serkan KARABAĞLI

This study aimed to determine greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) resulting from energy and water consumption in corn production and to define carbon footprint (CFP) indicators. As fuel consumption for corn production processes, diesel fuel and engine oil consumed by the tractor engine were taken into account. In the calculations made to determine carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions resulting from fuel use, the fuel-based CO2 emission calculation method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have been followed. The individual determination of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions related to fuel consumption and their conversion into CO2 equivalent emissions are explained. The environmental sustainability effectiveness of corn production was evaluated as the carbon footprint (CFP) of energy and water consumption. Carbon footprint indicators for energy and water consumption have been defined.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Oana Alina NIŢU, Ionuț Ovidiu JERCA, Mihaela BĂLAN

Cultivating soybeans holds significant importance in ensuring food security and economic stability. In the context of climate challenges and limited resources, efficient water resource management becomes crucial. This article explores the sustainable approach of drip irrigation in soybean cultivation, specifically in Southeast Romania. Drip irrigation proves effective in Southeast Romania by delivering water directly to the soybean roots, minimizing losses from evaporation and runoff. This contributes to the conservation of water resources in the region. The precise water distribution of drip irrigation ensures uniformity in water supply, preventing both over-irrigation and under-irrigation, with significant benefits for soybean crops in Southeast Romania. Drip irrigation systems are tailored to the soil types and climate conditions present in Southeast Romania, ensuring optimal water usage efficiency. Given the variable weather patterns in the region, the ability of drip irrigation to adapt and respond to changes in climate contributes to the resilience of soybean crops. Through the use of advanced technology and local expertise, customized drip irrigation configurations are implemented to suit the specific needs of soybean cultivation in Southeast Romania.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Sara VENTURI, Elena MATEESCU, Ana VIRSTA, Nicolae PETRESCU, Daniel DUNEA, Stefano CASADEI

The main aim was to assess the drought phenomena by comparing two relevant indicators i.e., the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) using long time series of precipitation and temperature starting from 1961 up to 2020 gauged and validated in the land monitoring system of the Ialomita district located in the southeast of Romania at Grivita station. The obtained results suggested that SPEI can provide better insights regarding the drought phenomena concerning the occurrence of drought events and trend estimation. In the next years, drought events are expected to rise in frequency, duration, and intensity. In our opinion, it would be necessary to exceed the prevailing use of the SPI to assess the drought phenomena and improve the environmental monitoring systems to have robust data both of rainfall and temperature in a high number of gauging stations that could be utilized also for a spatially distributed evaluation of SPEI index.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Cristinel CONSTANDACHE, Ciprian TUDOR, Valentina AGA, Laurenţiu POPOVICI

The forest plantations (Norway spruce, pine) installed outside the habitat are fragile, vulnerable ecosystems, exposed to some risk factors, registering significant damages. In the paper, the analysis of the environmental conditions of some lands with Norway spruce stands outside the habitat, affected by intense drying, and the substantiation of their ecological restoration solutions are presented. The results were obtained based on research carried out in 2023 in the area of the Suceava Plateau (Marginea Forest District). The physicochemical characteristics of the soils were strongly altered, having a low content of nutrients and minerals, with a contrasting texture, being poor in bases and heavy drainage, strong acidity, and affected by pseudo-glazing processes. The ecological restoration of Norway spruce stands affected by drying consists of replacing them with species corresponding to the environmental conditions, but only after carrying out special land and soil preparation works to improve its physical and chemical properties. The results obtained are particularly important considering the need for ecological restoration of large areas with Norway spruce stands outside the habitat, strongly affected by drying.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Leon Dumitru COVALIU, Iuliana PAUN, Vasile Ion IANCU, Ecaterina MATEI, Razvan TEODORESCU, Valerica TUDOR, Gigel PARASCHIV, Cristina Ileana COVALIU-MIERLA

Increasing pollution from organic substances that are difficult to biodegrade has led scientists to search for solutions to prevent them from entering the environment. A type of pollutant widely found in the environment is quaternary ammonium compounds, with benzalkonium chlorides being the main representative. Among the benzalkonium chlorides class, was chosen to study the method of removal of benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (C12-BAC) from wastewater. One efficient method for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater is by using adsorbent material. For this reason, this paper presents the treatment of wastewater containing benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (C12-BAC) by activated carbon material.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Stefan Florin BALAN, Bogdan Felix APOSTOL, Anton DANET

National Institute of R-D for Earth Physics is in charge at national level with the task of monitoring the seismicity of the country. For this, it is used a well-developed seismic network with a good coverage of the Romanian territory. Beside the free field network of sensors, there is a number mounted on some buildings, used to evaluate their response to a large range of seismic events. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of the isolation systems of two buildings, situated in Bucharest, during earthquakes. The goals will be achieved through analyzing the seismic response in terms of engineering parameters given by the sensors located at key levels, i.e. under and right above isolating devices. The results show the reduction of the seismic loads above the isolators hence the successful use of this type of technique for older buildings of certain design, exposed to Vrancea seismicity and Bucharest subsoil specificity. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the isolation system on both structures, as part of a solution in specific cases for seismic risk mitigation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Alina ANTACHE, Aurelia NICA, Madalina CALMUC, Valentina CALMUC, Dragos CRISTEA, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU

The paper aims to use machine-learning-based algorithms in order to enable and empower the integration of soft sensors for improving the economic sustainability of integrated multi-trophic recirculating aquaculture systems (IMRAS) through efficient and accurate water quality monitoring of nitrate (NO3), the main key parameter for maintaining the sustainability of the IMRAS in various production scenarios. A 30-day trial was conducted in a sturgeon–tarragon IMRAS to develop a NO3 soft sensor, based on a series of predictors such as pH, temperature, NH4, NO2, NO3, conductivity (EC), P2O5, Ca and Mg, as well as to identify the prediction model peculiarities in various exploitation scenarios generated by the crops culture density. The results reveal the effectiveness of different learning algorithms as MLR and XGBoost (>80% accuracy) in developing solutions for supporting the water quality monitoring process in IMRASs, concluding that the intensity of production technologies must be considered as a determinant factor in upscaling the solutions to industrial level.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Cristian Mugurel IORGA, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU, Mihaela Marilena STANCU

Important quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons are frequently spilled into the environment harming the environment, as well as human health. Furthermore, the interaction of petroleum hydrocarbons with the environment significantly disturbs the activity of the microorganisms, including bacteria that exist in petroleum hydrocarbons polluted environments. Using two different microbiological methods four groups of bacteria, such as heterotrophic, hydrocarbon-tolerant, hydrocarbon-degrading, as well as enterobacteria were detected in the analyzed samples collected from an old petroleum products storage. The detection of these bacteria, especially hydrocarbon-degrading, as well as hydrocarbon-tolerant bacteria was not unexpected since the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the analyzed samples was above the limit allowed by international environmental standards. Up to now, different treatment technologies have been developed to remove toxic hydrocarbons from environments contaminated with petroleum products. Therefore, because of the use of different remediation strategies, like bioremediations, the affected areas can be recovered and returned to their natural circuit.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Alexandra-Constanța DUDU, Ana Bianca PAVEL, Corina AVRAM, Irina CATIANIS, Gabriel IORDACHE, Florina RĂDULESCU, Naliana LUPAȘCU, Andrei-Gabriel DRAGOȘ, Oana DOBRE, Constantin-Ștefan SAVA

Băile Lăzărești, located 16 km north-east from Băile Tușnad, is a representative area for post-volcanic regions where gases emitted at the surface contain over 85% carbon dioxide. Nineteen stations were set up for collecting soil samples for analysis of heavy metals, TOC, carbonates, and lithology and four water stations for nutrient analysis in July and August 2022. The impact of increased CO2 emissions on the soil is evident through the exceeding normal concentrations of heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Hg, and Ni in areas with high CO2 emissions and their reduction in areas with lower volcanic gas emissions. Water sample analysis, all with high CO2 concentrations, showed elevated levels of nitrites, inorganic phosphorus, and sulphates, classifying the water quality into categories II and III, according to national classification. The impact of high CO2 concentrations is clearly visible in the vegetation, which is absent at CO2 concentrations above 20%, predominantly consists of grasses, and shows distinct colorations at concentrations below 20%. These observed and analysed elements could serve as surface indicators for potential CO2 leaks from anthropogenic storage sites.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Mihai Teopent CORCHEȘ

Erosion of riverbanks is a natural phenomenon, which leads to the loss of important agricultural land areas. At the same time, riverbank erosion can be considered a natural risk that can cause major damage to road and railway infrastructure, flood management infrastructure, biodiversity and even the population located in flood risk areas. This phenomenon is generally more pronounced in the meanders of the rivers and in regions with higher flow rates, but it can be accentuated due to climate change which can lead to changes in watercourse flows. This study aimed to estimate the net annual soil loss due to riverbank erosion on the Siret River, Romania, using aerial photogrammetry and GIS analysis.

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