ISSN 2285-6064, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064, Online ISSN 2393-5138
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Aysen AKAY

Chromium is a heavy metal that is toxic to plants and other living things. It is known that plants can be used to remove heavy metals from the environment if they accumulate in the soil. Various ornamental plants are used in urban areas due to their decorative properties. In this study, the effectiveness of the Bad-Birnbach rose variety in removing excess chromium in the soil was investigated. To determine its effect on the vegetative and generative development states of roses and Cr uptake from the soil, different doses of Cr+6 (0, 25, 50 mg/kg soil) and 0-5-10-20 mmol EDTA were applied to the plant growth medium. At the end of the experiment, the dry weight of the stem and root decreased significantly with the applications of Cr+6. With EDTA application, the dry weight of roots and flowers increased. Cr concentrations in stem, root and rose are between 3.63-55.04, 14.53-314.77 and 2.31-13.44 mg/kg, respectively. Cr concentrations in the plant are above the permissible limit values and Cr+6 has accumulated significantly in the root zone.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Eda PUNTARIĆ, Lato PEZO, Željka ZGORELEC, Jerko GUNJAČA, Dajana KUČIĆ GRGIĆ, Neven VOĆA

This research employs Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to develop predictive models for biodegradable municipal waste at both European and national levels. Leveraging socio-demographic and economic data spanning 25 years across 17 European Union (EU) countries, the models aim to forecast biodegradable waste generation over a five-year period. The primary objective is to examine the influence of socio-demographic and economic factors on waste generation. According to the study's findings, it is anticipated that by 2025, the 17 EU countries will produce approximately 67.4 million tons of mixed municipal waste (MMW), 14.7 million tons of municipal paper and cardboard waste (PCW), 6.4 million tons of municipal wood waste (WW), and approximately 0.6 million tons of municipal textile waste (TW). This substantial volume underscores the pressing need for robust infrastructure covering collection, processing, recycling, and disposal mechanisms. The ANN model demonstrated impressive predictive capabilities for MMW, PCW, WW, and TW. Test predictions spanning 2020 to 2025 revealed R2 values ranging between 0.965 and 0.998 during the training phase for the output variables.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Erdona DEMIRAJ, Irena DUKA, Ferdi BRAHUSHI, Seit SHALLARI

The Lake of Shkodra is the largest lake in the Balkans with Ramsar status, which offers a variety of important ecosystem services such as water sources for agriculture, rich biodiversity and providing habitat and nesting grounds for wildlife, and tourism development for Albania and Montenegro. During the last decade, different studies reported an increase in macronutrient content, reporting the increase in the eutrophication in this lake which may reduce the biodiversity of the species. The aim of this study is to use the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a tool to define the relation of water quality parameters with the TN: TP ratio. According to PCA, the TN: TP molar observed ratio can be related to the anthropogenic activities and agricultural land use patterns around the catchment area indicating a high possibility of untreated waste entering the lake through the active inlets.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Cornelia BAERĂ, Aurelian GRUIN, Ana-Cristina VASILE, Bogdan BOLBOREA, Alexandru ION, Gabriela BĂNĂDUC

Slags, mixtures of mainly metal oxides and silicon dioxide, represent by-products or wastes generated by the ore smelting processes. There are several types of slags, but for construction applications as recycling possibilities, there are generally used slags generated by iron and steel making industry. The present study is focused on electric arc furnace slags (EAF), produced, and stored in the western part of Romania, Caransebeș city. The current slag deposit has been operating on this site since 1771, with the establishment of the furnaces to produce cast iron in Reșita. This paper presents a preliminary experimental study on the possibilities of using the Reșița SFS slags as a partial substitute for aggregate in cementitious materials for the construction industry. The opportunity and necessity of the proposed research direction cover several purposes: waste management implementation, environmental protection and natural resources saving, for the Circular Economy (CE) implementation in the Romanian industry. The initial results emphasise the concept's viability applied to the Reșita slag landfill, encouraging further exploration of this environmental engineering topic.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Alina ANTACHE, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Aurelia NICA, Catalina ITICESCU, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU, Catalin PLATON, Alin-Stelian CIOBÎCĂ

Due to the growth intensification in the aquaculture industry it is desirable to ensure fish production and improve it in a sustainable manner. It is known that the protein source from fish diet is represented by the fish meal wich is very expensive. Obtaining fishmeal requires quite a lot of pressure on fish stocks in the natural environment due tu overfishing, which leads to a drastic reduction of stoks. For this reason, it is desirable to find sustainable alternative sources that can replace the protein from fish meal. Therefore, was tried the replacement with soy, sorghum or wheat meal, but their production involves a very large cultivation area. Recently, was made some research on the fish growth and welfare effect in case of replacement of fish meal with insect meal. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that the insect meal has a much higher nutritional value and has a low impact on the environment (low footprint, less water and feed consuming), but the selection of optimal insect species for the production of protein for fish feed represents a considerable challenge.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Zhulieta ARNAUDOVA, Boyan STALEV

Table grape is a crop with a high nutritional value and frequent control is a guarantee of high quality and yields. The application instruments and methods for remote monitoring in obtaining information on the status of the vineyard will allow farmers to respond adequately to changes in plant development and grape quality. The aim of this study is to use non-destructive methods, such as satellite monitoring in the prediction of phenological changes that occur in the vine crop. The object of the study is a commercial table grape vineyard Vitis vinifera cv Velika in the land of village Granit, Stara Zagora district, Bulgaria in the period 2021-2023. NDVI was calculated using data from Sentinel 2 satellite in the main growth stages. The physiological state of the vines and the growth behaviour in the crop were monitored. An analysis was made of the relationship between the dynamics of the growth and NDVI to predict the yields.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Margareta MAGUREANU, Loredana COPACEAN, Despina-Maria BORDEAN, Luminita COJOCARIU

The work focused on the analysis of the vegetation cover of the grasslands according to the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR index), in five different stages, during the same year (2022), on altitudinal levels, from three groups of mountains. 110 grasslands located in different environmental conditions were studied, from: the Banat Mountains, the Poiana Ruscă Mountains and part of the Southern Carpathians. Five Sentinel 2 satellite scenes were used, acquired on the following dates: 22.03, 16.05, 15.07, 08.09, 18.10 and the Digital Elevation Model, classified into 8 altitudinal levels, from 53-2473 m. The results show that the fAPAR values are different, lower in March when the vegetation is still stagnant and does not use solar radiation, maximum in July when the vegetation is very well represented and uses maximum solar radiation, and from August, a downward trend, along with the reduction of the physiological activity of the plants in the grasslands. Also, differences in average fAPAR values by mountain groups and similarities in altitudinal steps between mountain groups were noticed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Gabriela BIALI, Esmeralda CHIORESCU, Maria Cătălina PASTIA, Denis ȚOPA, Iuliana MOTRESCU, Irina Gabriela CARA

Sludge is a by-product, resulting from wastewater treatment. This study research provides the sludge analysis from the Pitești Wastewater Treatment Plant and the possibility of using this sludge in agriculture in its initial state, resulting from the treatment plant or even after any remediation required or appropriate treatment so that it can be used. For these analyses, we used the services of two laboratories, namely: Iași Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment - ICAM, from the “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences and WESSLING - testing and consulting laboratory for continuous improvement of quality, safety, environmental protection, and health - the Hungarian laboratory. The research focused on the presence of heavy metals, antibiotics, and hormones in the sludge and the determination of microplastics in it. The microplastics in the sludge were determined by treating them with 5% HCl sonicated at 250C and then centrifuging and analyzing the supernatant. The research results show that the sludge obtained from the Pitești Wastewater Treatment Plant cannot be used as fertilizer in agriculture.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Alina-Cerasela ALUCULESEI, Nicoleta GUDANESCU, Sorin IONITESCU, George Cornel DUMITRESCU, Simona MOAGAR-POLADIAN

Water resources are highly valuable globally, and their sustainable management has become a top priority for authorities worldwide. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, with their extensive history of water usage across various sectors, face significant challenges due to the over-exploitation of these resources. The increasing demand underscores the need for comprehensive management at both national and regional levels. This study examines research trends on water resource exploitation in CEE countries, identifying potential research gaps that academia can address to offer essential a valuable insight for policymakers. By using a bibliometric analysis of 390 articles and proceedings from the Web of Science database, analysed through VosViewer software, the study reveals substantial research interest in areas such as agriculture, water management, wastewater reuse solutions, and sustainable agricultural water use. Despite this, the analysis indicates a notable deficiency in research focused on the new labour market demands associated with emerging water management technologies. These findings highlight the necessity for future research to bridge this gap, providing actionable insights to adapt educational and training programs to the evolving requirements of the water management sector.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, Vol. XIII
Written by Elena Mihaela NAGY, Teodor Gabriel FODOREAN, Dragos Vasile NICA, Evelin-Anda LAZA, Teodor VINTILA

Wool waste production cannot be avoided, so reuse and recycling are the best solutions for managing this keratinous waste. At present, in Romania, wool in different forms - raw or washed wool, pelleted wool or wool hydrolysate - is used in agriculture on a relatively small scale, both as a fertilizer and to improve certain physical characteristics of the soil. A good knowledge of the physico-chemical properties of wool-based fertilizer granules will also contribute to increasing the use of this resource. In this research, the characteristics of some wool granules produced in Romania were studied, such as bulk density, granule moisture, water absorption, and the effect of alkaline hydrolysate obtained from them on soil-beneficial bacteria of the Bacillus genus and Rhizobium genus. Among the results obtained, it should be mentioned that the water absorption capacity of the granules is around 200%. Also, the research proved that the alkaline hydrolysate obtained from the wool pellets studied does not show inhibitory effect on the Bacillus and Rhizobium species tested.

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